元大都漕运问题新探

A New Research on Water Transport of Grain Tribute to Dadu of Yuan Dynasty

元代漕运制度至关重要。元太宗时期,燕京漕运继承了金代漕运制度,采用按依限次之法将漕粮运至通州;然后,利用利用金代旧漕河运至元大都。旧漕运河应在朝阳门、呼家楼、白家楼至通州城北一线,与坝河并不是一条河。元世祖时期,实行漕粮海运,在大都地区创立接运制度,设置接运管理机构专门负责漕粮运输。最初利用坝河转运至大都,随后开凿通惠河进行转运,皆是创举,提升了漕运效率。

Water transport of grain system was very important in Yuan dynasty.The old system of Jin dynasty was used continuously during Yuantaizong period.Grain was transported to Tongzhou(通州)and carried to Yuandadu(元大都)through old canal of Jin period,which was not Ba river,but another river along Chaoyangmen,Hujialou,Baijianlou and north of Tongzhou city.In Yuanshizu period,maritime shipping to transfer grain was employed and switching system,special department were built correspondingly.To use Ba rive at the beginning and then to dig river canal,named Tonghuihe,were creative method in water transport of grain system.These new method enhanced the efficiency of grain transportation.