新冠疫情前后南通市流感流行态势分析

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza before and after COVID-19 outbreak in Nantong

目的:分析新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情暴发前后,流感病原学监测结果的差异,为COVID-19下的流感防控提供科学依据。方法:收集南通市第一人民医院COVID-19暴发前(2018、2019年)及暴发后(2020、2021年)的流感样患者咽拭子进行核酸检测,采用RT-PCR法,运用描述流行病学方法比较COVID-19暴发前后流感病原体流行特征。结果:COVID-19暴发前后共采集标本4181例,流感病毒核酸检测阳性405例,阳性率9.69%,前后阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=91.65,P<0.001);COVID-19前后流感均以冬春季流行为主,COVID-19后各季节阳性率均有下降;COVID-19后不同性别阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.60,P<0.05);COVID-19前后各年龄组除5~14岁组差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.21,P>0.05),其他组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);COVID-19前以各型别流感交替传播,COVID-19后以BV型为主。结论:COVID-19严格管控措施有效遏制了流感病毒的传播,流感病毒阳性率和型别检出率明显下降,COVID-19流行期间要重点关注BV型别的流感及在校学生的流感传播。

Objective To analyze the differences in etiology surveillance results of influenza before and after the COVID-19 outbreak,and to provide scientific basis for influenza prevention and control under the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods The nasopharyngeal swabs of influenza-like cases before(2018,2019)and after(2020,2021)the outbreak of COVID-19 at Nantong First People’s Hospital were collected for nucleic acid testing by RT-PCR.Descriptive epidemiology was used to compare the epidemic characteristics of influenza pathogens before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.Results A total of 4181 samples were collected before and after the COVID-19 outbreak,and 405 samples were tested positive for influenza virus,with a positive rate of 9.69%,and the positive detection rate was statistically significant(χ2=91.65,P<0.001).Before and after the COVID-19 outbreak,influenza was mainly prevalent in winter and spring,and the positive rate decreased in each season after the COVID-19 outbreak.After the COVID-19 outbreak,the positive detection rate was statistically significant between the different gender(χ2=6.60,P<0.05).Between the different age groups,the positive detection rate was statistically significant except 5-14(χ2=2.21,P>0.05).Before the COVID-19 outbreak,various types of influenza were spread alternately,and the BV type occurred after the outbreak.Conclusion The strict prevention and control measures can effectively contain the spread of influenza virus,and the positive rate and detection rate of influenza virus decreases significantly.During the new coronavirus epidemic,we should focus on the BV type of influenza and the spread of influenza among school students.