灵武出土西夏银碗功能再认识

New Cognition on the Function of Xixia Silver Bowls Unearthed in Lingwu

1976年,宁夏灵武石坝出土了一批银器,为研究西夏金银器以及度量衡提供了重要的实物资料。结合考古发现的古代金银器实物和有关文献资料可知,灵武石坝出土的3件墨书西夏文重量的银碗,除了作为上层社会饮食器具外,依然是西夏社会政治身份和等级的象征,还被用作奖励军功和政绩的赏赐品。此外,从标记重量和出土经济文书来看,在商品交易中,银碗有时还被作为一般等价物,来衡量其他交易物品的价值。由此可见,无论从形制,还是社会功能,西夏的金银器文化与唐宋时期的金银器文化一脉相承。

In 1976,some silverwares excavated in Shiba of Lingwu in Ningxia provided significant material information for the study of Xixia gold and silver wares as well as weights and measures.Combining with the archaeological discoveries of ancient gold and silver objects and relevant references,it can be seen that the three silver bowls with ink writing in Tangut unearthed in Shiba of Lingwu were not only used as food utensils for the upper class,but also symbolized the sociopolitical identity and hierarchy in Xixia,and were also used as a reward for military and political achievements.In addition,from the tagged weights and the unearthed economic documents,silver bowls are sometimes used as universal equivalents in commodity trading to measure the value of other traded items.It can be seen that,whether from the shape or social function, the gold and silver ware culture of Xixia is in one line with that of the Tang and Song Dynasties.