互联网为农村女性非农就业带来“数字红利”了吗?--基于CGSS2017数据的实证研究

Has the Internet Brought"Digital Dividends"to Rural Women's Employment in the Non-agricultural Sector?--An empirical study based on CGSS2017

本文基于CGSS2017数据构建二元Probit模型研究互联网使用对农村女性非农就业率的影响,即农村女性在获得非农就业机会方面是否具有“数字红利”,并从社会资本视角探讨中介作用机制。研究发现:互联网使用显著促进农村女性非农就业,具有明显的“数字红利”效应,当把互联网作为主要的信息来源时可增强正向效应;互联网使用对东部地区初高中学历的青年农村女性获得非农工作的帮助最大;社会资本是互联网使用与农村女性非农就业间的中介变量,互联网的“数字红利”需要依托于社会资本发挥效用,相比于亲缘强关系,友缘弱关系的中介效应更强。因此,在推进乡村振兴和促进性别平等的过程中,需要借助互联网的红利持续优化农村女性就业结构,提高边远地区教育水平较低的中老年妇女的数字技能,同时帮助农村女性积累社会资本,强化互联网非农就业促进效应。

Based on CGSS2017,this paper constructs a binary Probit model to study the impacts of Internet use on rural women's employment rate in the non-agricultural sector,and discusses the intermediary mechanism from the perspective of social capital.The results show that:(i)Internet use has significantly promotes rural women's non-agricultural employment rate,which indicates there is an obvious"digital dividend"effect.When the Internet is used as the main information source,it can enhance the positive effect;(ii)The non-agricultural employment promotion effect of the Internet has regional and educational heterogeneity,which contributes most to the young rural women with junior or senior high school education in the eastern region;and(iii)Social capital is the intermediary variable between Internet use and rural women's non-agricultural employment.The digital dividend of the internet relies on social capital to have a role to play.Compared with strong homogeneous kinship,weak heterogeneous friendship has stronger mediating effect.Therefore,in the process of promoting rural revitalization and gender equality,the women's non-agricultural employment structure can be optimized in a consistent way by means of the"digital dividend"brought by the Internet to help rural women accumulate social capital,so as to strengthen the positive effect of Internet on non-agricultural employment.