“互联网+农业”环境下小农户知识势差、生态位宽度与双元创新——涉农网络关系嵌入的跨层调节

Smallholder Farmers’Knowledge Potential Difference,Niche Breadth and Dual Innovation in the“Internet+Agriculture”Environment——Cross-layer Adjustment Effect Embedded in Agriculture-related Network Relationship

小农户面临规模不经济、特色难彰显、组织化程度低等瓶颈,锁定于传统保守型小农模式的路径依赖而不能自拔。在“互联网+农业”营造的涉农信息生态链中,小农户知识势差与生态位宽度能够得以改善,嵌入涉农网络关系进行创业拼凑,开展双元创新。构建理论模型,以55个涉农管理、经营及服务组织关联下的462个小农户为研究对象,分析小农户双元创新的路径和影响因素。结果表明,知识势差倒U型影响小农户双元创新,生态位宽度正向影响双元创新,创业拼凑在知识势差、生态位宽度对双元创新的影响中发挥中介作用,涉农网络关系嵌入对整个路径发挥正向调节作用。这启示小农户应借助“互联网+”的信息交换、要素聚合及自组织等功能,降低知识势差,拓展生态位宽度,嵌入涉农网络关系,通过创业拼凑实现规模化、长尾化、组织化的双元创新,从而融入现代农业产业体系、生产体系及经营体系,成为兼有“聚沙成塔”和“小而美”优势的现代创新型小农。

Smallholder farmers face bottlenecks such as uneconomic scale,unremarkable features and low-level organization.They get locked in a conservative traditional development path typical of small-scale peasant economy.Under the current agricultural information ecological chain generated by“Internet+agriculture”,their knowledge potential difference and niche breadth can be improved.And embedding into agriculture-related network relationship,they carry out dual innovation by entrepreneurial patchwork.This paper builds a theoretical model that draws upon 462 smallholder farmers associated with 55 agriculture-related management,operation and service organizations to analyze the path and influencing factors of small-holder innovation.The research results show the reversed U-shaped impact of knowledge potential difference on the dual-innovation of smallholder farmers,the positive impact of niche breadth on the dual-innovation,the mediating role of entrepreneurial patchwork in the influence of knowledge potential difference and niche breadth on the dual-innovation,and the positive role of agriculture-related network relationship embeddedness in adjusting the entire path.This means that smallholder farmers can reduce the knowledge gap,expand the breadth of the ecological niche,and embed in agriculture-related network relationships with the help of information exchange,element aggregation and self-organization functions of the“Internet+”.Then they can realize dual innovation with scale effect,long tail effect and organized situation by entrepreneurial patchwork,and integrate into the industrial,production and management system of modern agriculture.As a result,they can use their advantage of being delicately small to become innovative modern smallholder farmers,just as“many a little makes a mickle”.