儿童感染轮状病毒及腺病毒流行病学分析

目的分析丽水地区儿童轮状病毒(RV)及腺病毒(AdV)感染情况,为临床诊治提供参考.方法采用胶体免疫层析技术,对2018年1月至2020年12月本院5,680例腹泻儿童粪便标本进行RV及AdV抗原检测.分析本院检测儿童感染RV及AdV的分布特点.结果腹泻患儿5,680例粪便标本,RV检出861例,阳性率15.16%;AdV检出142例,阳性率2.50%.其中RV在13~24个月龄组患儿阳性率最高为26.37%,RV阳性率随年龄增加而下降(P<0.001).RV感染主要集中在1月至3月,共736例,占RV总感染患儿的85.48%,高于其他月份(P<0.001);AdV全年月份感染阳性率相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).不同性别儿童RV、AdV感染差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原体为轮状病毒,且冬春季高发,具有明显季节差异,腺病毒感染率低且为全年散发.对于小月龄婴幼儿腹泻应着重展开轮状病毒和腺病毒抗原的筛查,选择简便准确的诊断方法,在临床诊治中十分关键.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Rotavirus(RV)and Adenovirus(AdV)infection of children with diarrhea in Lishui area,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Using colloid immunochromatography,RV and AdV antigen detection were performed on stool samples of 5,680 children with diarrhea who came to our hospital from 2018 to 2020.Analyze the distribution characteristics of children infected with RV and AdV detected in our hospital.Results Rotavirus was detected in 861 of 5,680 stool samples of children with diarrhea,with a positive rate of 15.16%.Adenovirus was detected in 142 cases with a positive rate of 2.50%.The highest positive rate of RV was 26.37%(193/732)in children aged 13~24 months,and the positive rate of RV decreased with age(P<0.001).RV infection mainly occurred from January to March,with a total of 736 cases,accounting for 85.48%(736/861)of total RV infection,significantly higher than other months(P<0.001).The positive rate of AdV infection in the whole year and month was the same,and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of AdV(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in RV and AdV infection between genders.Conclusion Rotavirus is the main pathogen causing infant diarrhea in this area,and the incidence is high in winter and spring with obvious seasonal differences.Adenovirus infection rate is low and sporadic throughout the year.For diarrhea in infants of young months,it is very important to carry out the screening of rotavirus and adenovirus antigen and select a simple and accurate diagnosis method.