对7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病及需窝沟封闭现状的调查分析

A survey of the caries of the first permanent molar and the need for pit and groove sealing in 1555 children aged 7 to 9 years

目的调查分析7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病及需窝沟封闭现状并提出防控意见。方法对1555例7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙的临床资料进行回顾性分析,调查其流行病学特征,包括性别、年龄、年份以及不同牙位的第一恒磨牙龋病及需窝沟封闭情况。结果需封闭(深窝沟)检出率为81.48%,患龋率为14.86%;需封闭(深窝沟)者中女性略高于男性,需封闭(深窝沟)率随年龄增加而降低,随年份增加而升高;患龋者中男性占比略高于女性,患龋率随年龄增加而升高,且9岁患龋者占比高于7岁(P<0.05),不同年份患龋率由高到低分别为2018年、2019年和2017年;需封闭(深窝沟)占比由高到低分别为牙位46、牙位16、牙位26和牙位36,且牙位16需封闭(深窝沟)者占比高于牙位26、牙位36(P<0.05),牙位46需封闭(深窝沟)者占比高于其余牙位(P<0.05);患龋者不同牙位占比由高到低分别为牙位36、牙位46、牙位26和牙位16,且牙位16、牙位26患龋者占比低于牙位36、牙位46(P<0.05),牙位36患龋者占比高于牙位46(P<0.05);牙位16需封闭(深窝沟)占比随年龄增加而升高,牙位26需封闭(深窝沟)占比由高到低分别为8岁、7岁和9岁;牙位36需封闭(深窝沟)占比随年龄增加而降低,牙位46需封闭(深窝沟)占比由高到低分别为9岁、7岁和8岁;牙位16和牙位46患龋占比由高到低分别为8岁、7岁和9岁,牙位26和牙位36随年龄增加患龋占比升高。结论调查显示7~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙需窝沟封闭者超过80%且随年龄增加而降低,患龋率高达14.86%且随年龄增加而升高,不同年龄需窝沟封闭及患龋的儿童牙位有差异,建议根据调查结果加强防控。

Objective To investigate the caries of the first permanent molars and the need for pit and fissure closure in children aged 7 to 9 years,and to put forward suggestions for prevention and control.Methods The data of 1555 cases with caries or pit and fissure sealants of the first permanent molars in children aged 7-9 years were retrospectively analyzed.The epidemiological characteristics,including sex,age,year,dental caries,and the need for pit and fissure closure in first permanent molars with different dental positions were investigated.Results The detection rate of deep pits and fissures that needed to be closed was 81.48%,and the caries incidence rate was 14.86%.Female needed to close(deep groove)was slightly higher than male,and the rate of need to close(deep groove)in-creased with age.The proportion of male students was slightly higher than that of female students,and the proportion of caries in 9 years old was higher than that in 7 years old(P<0.05).The incidence of dental caries increases with age.The incidence of dental caries in different years ranges from high to low was 2018,2019 and 2017,respectively.From high to low,the proportion of teeth to be closed(deep groove)was 46,16,26 and 36,respectively,and the pro-portion of teeth requiring sealing(deep fossa and sulcus)in position 16 was higher than those in position 26 and 36(P<0.05),and the proportion of 46 teeth requiring sealing(deep fossa and sulcus)was higher than those of others(P<0.05).The proportion of different dental positions in caries patients ranged from high to low,which were 36,46,26and 16 respectively,and the proportions of caries in tooth positions 16 and 26 were lower than those in tooth positions36 and 46(P<0.05),and the proportion of caries in tooth position 36 was higher than that in tooth position 46(P<0.05).The proportion of deep pit and fissure in teeth position 16 increased with age,and the proportion of deep pit and fissure in teeth position 26 increased from to low was 8,7 and 9 years old,respectively.The proportion of deep pit and fissure in teeth position 36 decreased with age,and the proportion of deep pit and fissure in teeth position 46decreased from high to low was 9,7 and 8 years old,respectively.The prevalence of dental caries in 16 and 46 teeth was 8,7 and 9 years old,respectively.The prevalence of dental caries in 26 and 36 teeth increased with age.Conclusion The survey shows that more than 80%of the first permanent molars of children aged 7-9 need pit and fissure closure,which decreases with age,and the caries rate is as high as 14.86%,which increases with age,and the tooth positions of children with pit and fissure closure and caries are varied at different ages.It is suggested to strengthen prevention and control according to the survey results.