活性氧介导微藻脂质积累的研究现状及进展

Research progress on reactive oxygen species–mediated lipid accumulation in microalgae

微藻油脂是生物柴油生产领域极具前景的原材料之一。近年来,通过生物化学(环境、营养胁迫)和分子生物学(基因、代谢工程)策略有效提高微藻油脂产量成为国内外研究重点。越来越多研究证据表明活性氧(ROS)可能作为微藻油脂积累媒介发挥重要作用,但是ROS过度产生也可能引起脂质过氧化反应。目前,关于ROS对微藻脂质积累有双重影响的观点还存在许多未解决的问题。本文总结了微藻ROS产生位点、清除系统和涉及的主要细胞代谢过程,介绍了ROS对微藻产脂的双重影响,包括脂质过氧化与积累机制的研究进展,讨论了ROS介导的微藻油脂积累过程中的信号转导通路,并展望了基于ROS调控促进微藻脂质积累的综合策略。

Microalgal lipid is the sustainable promising feedstock for biodiesel production. Several biochemical(environmental and nutrient stress) and molecular(genetic and metabolic engineering) strategies to increase the algal lipid accumulation has drawn great attention in recent years. In the study of lipid accumulation in microalgae, increasing evidence indicates that a critical role of reactive oxygen species(ROS) may act as a mediator of lipid accumulation, however, an excess of ROS induces lipid peroxidation which may lead to cell death. There are many unresolved questions concerning the dichotomous view of ROS influence on lipid accumulation in microalgae. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the types of ROS, generation, scavenging systems and the major cellular metabolic processes, and introduces the research progress of the dual effects of ROS on microbial lipid production, and ROS-induced lipid peroxidation and accumulation mechanisms. Toward the end, the review discusses the lipid metabolism signal transduction pathways, and the strategies and applications of using ROS to induce lipid accumulation in microalgae.