长江中游不同复种轮作模式的资源利用率及综合效益比较

Comparison of resource utilization efficiency and comprehensive benefits among different multiple cropping rotation patterns in the middle reaches of Yangtze River

为优化并推广双季稻田绿色高效的复种轮作休耕模式,通过连续两年(2018年和2019年)的田间试验,在长江中游地区江西省鹰潭市余江区农业科学研究所试验田,研究了不同复种轮作模式[A(CK):紫云英-双季稻→紫云英-双季稻;B:紫云英-春大豆-秋大豆→油菜-甘蔗||春大豆;C:紫云英-早稻-玉米||甘薯→紫云英-春大豆-秋大豆;D:油菜-甘蔗||春大豆→紫云英-早稻-玉米||甘薯;E:休耕→休耕]的资源利用率及综合效益。结果表明:连续两年处理D的年有效积温利用率、降水表观生物利用率均高于CK处理。3种复种轮作模式(处理B、C、D)年有效积温利用率高出CK处理8.60%~39.78%。两年间,处理D的经济效益评价指数、社会效益评价指数均表现最好,分别为0.94、0.97和0.96、1.00;生态效益评价指数则表现为处理B(2018年)和处理C(2019年)较好,分别为0.77和0.73。不同轮作休耕模式的两年综合效益为处理D˃处理B˃处理C˃处理A˃处理E。因此,在长江中游双季稻区“油菜-甘蔗||春大豆→紫云英-早稻-玉米||甘薯”轮作模式的资源利用率及综合效益表现较好,能更好地促进作物生长,可以大范围地推广应用。

Rational and efficient utilization of light,temperature,water,soil,and other agricultural resources is the premise and guarantee of sustainable agricultural development.To optimize and promote green and efficient rotation-fallow patterns in paddy fields,the effects of different multiple cropping rotation patterns on resource utilization and comprehensive benefits were studied via field experiments for two consecutive years.The experiment had 5 treatments:milk vetch-early rice-late rice→milk vetch-early rice-late rice(treatment A,CK),milk vetch-spring soybean-autumn soybean→rape-sugar cane||spring soybean(treatment B),milk vetch-early rice-maize||sweet potato→milk vetch-spring soybean-autumn soybean(treatment C),rape-sugar cane‖spring soybean→milk vetch-early rice-maize||sweet potato(treatment D),and rotation fallow→rotation fallow(treatment E);in which“-”represents rotation,“||”represents intercropping,“→”indicates to the next year.Results showed that the rotation pattern of rape-sugar cane||spring soybean→milk vetch-early rice-maize||sweet potato(treatment D)had higher effective utilization rate of accumulated temperature and precipitation of bioavailability than the CK treatment.The annual effective accumulated temperature utilization rates of the three multiple cropping rotation modes(B,C,and D treatments)were 8.60%−39.78%higher than that of CK.In 2018 and 2019,the economic and social benefit evaluation indexes of the treatment D performed the best,with values of 0.94,0.97,and 0.96,1.00,respectively.The ecological benefit evaluation index results showed that the treatment B was better in 2018,and the treatment C was better in 2019,with values of 0.77 and 0.73,respectively.The two-year comprehensive benefits of different rotation fallow patterns were as follows:treatment D˃treatment B˃treatment C˃treatment A(CK)˃treatment E.Therefore,the resource utilization and comprehensive benefits of“rape-sugar cane||spring soybean→milk vetch-early rice-maize||sweet potato”performed better for double rice areas in southern China.This mode could promote better crop growth and be widely applied.