不同品种油茶叶片磷组分及果实经济性状对磷素的响应

Responses of Foliar Phosphorus Fraction and Economic Characters of Fruits of Different Varieties of Camellia oleifera to Phosphorus

【目的】为揭示不同品种油茶对磷素的利用以及筛选出耐低磷的油茶品种,从而提高油茶产量。【方法】通过对长林23、长林55、赣无2、赣无12共4个油茶品种设置单株添加磷酸二氢钠(含P_(2)O_(5)量58%)P0(0 g)、P1(34.55 g)、P2(69.11 g)、P3(103.66 g),在果实成熟期采集叶片测定磷组分含量,采集果实测定经济性状指标。【结果】(1)适宜的磷添加会增加长林55与赣无12叶片中的无机磷含量,降低长林23的无机磷含量;使得长林23与赣无2的糖磷含量升高,对其他两个品种无显著影响;磷添加对核酸磷的影响较小,仅提高了赣无12的核酸磷含量,但同时也显著增加了长林23与赣无12的残余磷含量;4个品种之间磷组分的分配存在差异。(2)磷添加会提高4个品种的干出籽率、干出仁率、种仁含油率、鲜果含油率、单株产量及单株产油量;比较不同品种的产量与单株含油量发现,由高到低的品种依次为赣无2,长林55,长林23,赣无12。(3)主成分分析表明,长林23与赣无2的整体排序优于长林55和赣无12。长林23在P3处理下综合得分最高,长林55在P1处理下综合得分最高,赣无2在P0处理下综合得分最高,赣无12在P2处理下综合得分最高。(4)相关分析结果表明,长林23的无机磷、糖磷和残余磷含量对果实经济性状指标影响较大;长林55的叶片磷组分含量与果实经济性状指标无相关性;赣无2的糖磷与鲜果含油率有显著的负相关关系,残余磷与单株产量和单株含油量有显著的负相关关系;赣无12的核酸磷含量与种仁含油率有显著的正相关关系。【结论】适宜的磷添加会增加无机磷、糖磷和残余磷的含量,对核酸磷的含量影响不显著,不同品种的磷组分分配也存在差异。4个品种中,长林23与赣无2比较耐低磷环境,且赣无2的产量最高,在栽培时,优选赣无2。因此在油茶施肥和养分管理过程中,应根据不同油茶品种调整施肥比例,科学合理增施磷肥,以克服南方红壤磷素缺乏的养分限制因子的不利影响,提高油茶产量。

[Objective]This study aims to reveal the utilization of phosphorus in different varieties of C.oleifera,and to screen out the varieties with low phosphorus tolerance,thus improving the yield of C. oleifera.[Method]In this study,four treatments P0(0 g),P1(34.55 g),P2(69.11 g)and P3(103.66 g)of sodium dihydrogen phosphate(58% P_(2)O_(5))were added to the leaves of Changlin 23,Changlin 55,Ganwu 2 and Ganwu 12,and foliar phosphorus fraction and economic characteristics of fruits were measured at fruit maturity.[Result](1)Appropriate phosphorus addition increased the inorganic phosphorus content in the leaves of Changlin 55and Ganwu 12 and reduced the inorganic phosphorus content of Changlin 23;The content of sugar phosphorus in Changlin 23 and Ganwu 2 were also increased.However,the addition had no significant effect on the the content of sugar phosphorus of the other two varieties;Phosphorus addition had little effect on nucleic acid phosphorus,it only increased the nucleic acid phosphorus content of Ganwu12 and significantly increased the residual phosphorus content of Changlin 23 and Ganwu12 as well;There were differences in the distribution of foliar phosphorus fraction among the four varieties.(2)Phosphorus additionincreased the dry seed rate,dry kernel rate,oil content in kernel,oil content in fresh fruit,yield per plant and oil yield per plant.(3)Principal component analysis showed that the overall ranking of Changlin 23 and Ganwu 2 was better than that of Changlin 55and Ganwu 12.Changlin 23 had the highest comprehensive score under P3 treatment,Changlin 55 had the highest comprehensive score under P1 treatment,Ganwu 2 had the highest comprehensive score under P0 treatment,and Ganwu 12 had the highest comprehensive score under P2 treatment.(4)The results of correlation analysis showed that inorganic phosphorus,sugar phosphorus and residual phosphorus in Changlin 23 exerted a greater influence on the indexes of fruit economic characters;There was no correlation between the foliar phosphorus fraction and the indexes of economic characters of fruits in Changlin 55;There was a significant negative correlation between sugar phosphorus in Ganwu 2 and the oil content of fresh fruit,and there was a significant negative correlation between residual phosphorus and yield and oil content per plant;There was a significant positive correlation between nucleic acid phosphorus and kernel oil content of Ganwu12.[Conclusion]Appropriate phosphorus addition will increase the content of inorganic phosphorus,sugar phosphorus and residual phosphorus,it has no significant effect on the content of nucleic acid phosphorus and there are differences in the distribution of foliar phosphorus fraction among different varieties.Among the four varieties,Changlin 23and Ganwu 2 are more resistant to low phosphorus environment,Ganwu 2 has the highest yield.Ganwu 2 should be preferred in cultivation.In the process of fertilization and nutrient management of C. oleifera,the fertilization proportion should be adjusted according to different C. oleifera varieties,and the application of phosphorus fertilizer should be increased scientifically and reasonably,in order to overcome the adverse effects of nutrient limiting factors of phosphorus deficiency in southern red soil and improve the yield of C. oleifera.