复合微生物发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及免疫功能的影响

Effects of Compound Microbial Fermented Diets on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Immune Function of Broilers

【目的】探究复合微生物发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响。【方法】将480只1日龄健康的爱拔益加肉鸡随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只。其中对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别将添加0.2%、0.3%和0.4%复合微生物菌剂的发酵饲料替代基础饲粮饲喂。正试期为60 d。试验期间,测定肉鸡的生长性能相关指标,并于试验末,测定肉鸡的屠宰性能和肉品质相关指标、免疫器官指数、血清免疫球蛋白水平及血清生化指标。【结果】(1)1~15 d、16~30 d和1~60 d期间,0.2%、0.3%、0.4%发酵组肉鸡的平均日增重与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);31~45 d期间,0.2%发酵组肉鸡的平均日增重较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。16~30 d和1~60 d期间,0.2%、0.3%、0.4%发酵组肉鸡的平均日采食量与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05)。1~15 d、16~30 d和1~60 d期间,0.2%、0.3%、0.4%发酵组的料重比与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05);31~45 d期间,0.2%发酵组的料重比与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05)。46~60 d期间,各组间的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)通过饲喂复合微生物发酵饲料可显著提高肉鸡全净膛率、腿肌率、屠宰率、半净膛率及胸肌率(P<0.05或P<0.01),并显著降低滴水损失率(P<0.05);(3)与对照组相比,0.2%、0.3%、0.4%发酵组肉鸡的胸腺、脾脏及法氏囊指数以及0.3%发酵组肉鸡的血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);(4)0.2%、0.3%、0.4%发酵组肉鸡的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、高密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白含量与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),而天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、甘油三酯和胆固醇含量则无显著变化(P>0.05),尿素含量却显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】饲喂复合微生物发酵饲料可促进肉鸡生长,提高肉鸡屠宰性能及机体免疫力,并改善肉鸡的血清生化指标,其中添加0.2%复合微生物菌剂的发酵饲料促生长效果最佳。

[Objective]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound microbial fermented diets on growth performance,slaughter performance and immune function of broilers.[Method]A total of480 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 15 broilers in each replicate.The control group was fed the basal diet,while the experimental groups were fed fermented diets supplemented with 0.2%,0.3% and 0.4% compound microbial agent,respectively.The trial period lasted 60 days.During the test period,the growth performance-related indexes of broilers were measured,and the indexes of slaughter performance and meat quality,immune organ indexes,serum immunoglobulin level and serum biochemical indexes of broilers were measured at the end of the test.[Result]The results showed that:(1)The average daily gain of broilers in the 0.2%,0.3% and 0.4% fermented group were significantly higher than that of the control group from 1 to 15 days,16 to 30 days and 1 to 60 days(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the average daily gain of broilers in 0.2% fermented group was significantly increased from 31 to 45days compared with that of the control group(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake of broilers in the 0.2%,0.3% and 0.4% fermented groups was significantly increased from 16 to 30 days and 1 to 60 days compared with that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the feed/gain in the 0.2%,0.3% and0.4% fermented groups was significantly decreased from 1 to 15 days,16 to 30 days and 1 to 60 days(P<0.05),and the feed/gain in the 0.2% fermented groups was significantly lower than that of the control group from 31 to45 days(P<0.05).During 46-60 d,there were no significant differences in average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed/gain among all groups(P>0.05);(2)Feeding compound microbial fermented diets could significantly increasd the eviscerated rate,leg muscle rate,carcass rate,half-eviscerated rate and breast muscle rate of broilers(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and significantly decreased the drip loss rate(P<0.05);(3)Compared with the control group,the thymus index,spleen index and bursal index of broilers in the 0.2%,0.3% and 0.4% fermented groups and the serum immunoglobulin M(IgM)content of broilers in the 0.3% fermented groups were increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01);4)The total protein,albumin,high-density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein content of chicken serum were significantly increased in the 0.2%,0.3% and 0.4% fermented groups compared with those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase,triglyceride and cholesterol had no significant change(P>0.05),urea content was significantly reduced(P<0.05).[Conclusion]In summary,feeding compound microbial fermented diets could improve the growth performance,slaughter performance,immunity and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.The fermented diets supplemented with 0.2% compound microbial agent has the best growth promotion effect.