收割机作业路线和地块条件匹配模型与分析

Matching Model and Analysis of Harvester Operation Routes and Plot Conditions

【目的】提高收获作业效率能够节约农业生产成本,减少粮食损失。纯作业效率和实际作业效率是衡量收获效率的重要指标,研究两者在不同作业路线下随地块条件变化的规律,可为作业路线与地块条件的匹配、土地整理提供优化方案。【方法】在调查研究的基础上,基于收割机作业时间构成的综合分析,建立不同作业路线下的收割机纯作业效率和实际作业效率的计算模型。为验证计算模型的准确性,利用沃得锐龙尊享版112收割机在2种作业路线下收获20块地的试验值与模拟值进行误差和相关性分析。最后基于建立的计算模型利用MATLAB模拟不同作业路线、收割机型号纯作业效率和实际作业效率随地块条件变化的规律。【结果】2种作业路线效率计算模型的纯作业效率误差均小于7%,实际作业效率误差均小于8.7%,试验值与模拟值的相关性系数均在0.90以上,模型模拟效果良好。通过模拟分析表明收割机纯作业效率和实际作业效率随地块面积和地块长宽比的增大而增大;收割机收获路线中,Ⅱ型作业路线与Ⅰ型作业路线的纯作业效率和实际作业效率相差最高,分别为18.2%、3.7%;通过2种作业路线的纯作业效率和实际作业效率比较,表明:随着地块面积增大Ⅰ型作业路线实际作业效率将大于Ⅱ型作业路线。【结论】农田整理时,适当增加地块面积和长宽比可以提高收获效率。不同作业路线匹配相应的地块条件可以有效提高作业效率,南方小地块条件下Ⅱ型作业路线优于Ⅰ型作业路线,大地块Ⅰ型作业路线优于Ⅱ型作业路线。

[Objective]Improving the efficiency of harvesting can save agricultural production costs and reduce grain losses. Pure operation efficiency and actual operation efficiency are important indicators to measure the harvest efficiency.Studying the change of the two along with the plot conditions under different operation routes can provide an optimization scheme for the matching of operation routes and plot conditions as well as land consolidation.[Method]Based on the comprehensive analysis of the composition of harvester operation time,the calculation models of harvester pure operation efficiency and actual operation efficiency under different operation routes were established.In order to verify the accuracy of the calculation model,the error and correlation analysis were implemented by using the experimental and simulated values of 20 plots harvested under two operation routes with World Premium Edition 112 harvester.Finally,based on the established calculation model,MATLAB was used to simulate the changes of pure operation efficiency and actual operation efficiency of different operation routes and harvester models with plot conditions.[Result]The pure operation efficiency error of the two operation route efficiency calculation models was less than 7%,and the actual operation efficiency error was less than 8.7%.The correlation coefficient between the experimental value and the simulated value was more than 0.90,and the simulation effect of the model was good.The simulation analysis showed that the pure operation efficiency and actual operation efficiency of the harvester increased with the increase of plot area and plot length width ratio;In terms of the harvesting route,the difference of pure operation efficiency and actual operation efficiency between type Ⅱ operation route and type I operation route was the highest,18.2% and3.7% respectively;The comparison between the pure operation efficiency and actual operation efficiency of the two operation routes showed that with the increase of plot area,the actual operation efficiency of type Ⅰ operation route would be higher than that of type Ⅱ operation route.[Conclusion]During farmland consolidation,increasing appropriately the plot area and length width ratio can improve the harvest efficiency.Matching different operation routes with corresponding plot conditions can effectively improve the operation efficiency.Under the condition of small plots in the South of China,type Ⅱ operation route is better than type Ⅰ operation route,however,under the condition of large plots,type Ⅰ operation routeis better than type Ⅱ operation route.