“丝绸之路”甘肃段兰州“柳合山堂”四合院建筑艺术分析

An Analysis on the Architectural Art of“Liuhe Shantang”Quadrangle Dwellings in Lanzhou,Gansu Section of the“Silk Road”

甘肃是古丝绸之路必经之地,在本地区仍保留有许多明清时期的民居建筑,这些建筑记载着古丝绸之路的历史、经济和文化的变迁。兰州作为丝绸之路上的重镇,也是传统四合院民居较为集中的古城,这些传统四合院不仅体现西北地区空间地域特征,而且反映陇中地区合院民居的建筑形制特点,以及当地民俗文化对建筑的影响,同样也是居住者的精神内涵在建筑上的外化体现,这些传统四合院是当地民居建筑艺术的典型代表,也反映出当时兰州作为“丝绸之路”重要节点城市的城市面貌。以兰州“柳合山堂”四合院为例,在实地调研的基础上,探索这座四合院背后柳氏家族的兴衰史,分析这座百年院落的形制及装饰艺术特色,旨在为研究陕西儒商民居和甘肃陇中兰州地区的传统民居建筑特色提供参考。

Gansu is the place that the ancient Silk Road must pass,and there are many vernacular dwellings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties that have witnessed the historic,economic and cultural changes of the ancient Silk Road.As a strategic town on the Silk Road,Lanzhou is an ancient city with a high-density of traditional quadrangle dwellings.These traditional quadrangles not only embody the spatial and regional characteristics of northwest China but also the architectural form of courtyard houses in the central part of Gansu.They are the influence of local folk culture on architecture and the externalization of residents’spiritual connotation in architecture.They are typical representatives of local residential architectural art,and reflect the urban appearance of Lanzhou,an important node city on the“Silk Road”at that time.Therefore,taking the quadrangle dwellings of Liuhe Shantang as an example,this paper gets to know the rise and fall history of the Liu family,the original owners of the courtyard and then analyzes its characteristics of its shape,structure and decoration based on field investigation,with the view to providing reference for the study of the dwellings of Shaanxi Confucian businessmen and the architectural features of traditional houses in Lanzhou and Longzhong.