论受救助者失信行为的法律规制

On the Legal Regulation of the Salved’s Act of Breach of Faith

自彭宇案后,“扶人被讹”引发的争议经久不衰,至今仍可得见。《民法典》第184条的颁行给予救助者更大的自由和保障,针对此问题却没有太大的缓解,救助者仍然面临救助被讹的困境。深入分析导致此类失信行为出现的原因,除了对失信人惩戒不到位之外,还与受害者经济能力低弱、缺乏充足社会保障有极大关联,据此提出对策:根据失信行为所侵犯的法益类型,以民事、行政或刑事手段矫正之并纳入征信记录;同时,增强对陷入危难者社会保障,双管齐下。如此,通过施展多元途径,以期构建更为良好和安全的危难救助环境。

Since the Peng Yu case,the controversy caused by the incident of“helping people but being wronged”has lasted for a long time and still can be found today.The promulgation of Article 184 of Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China renders salvors greater freedom and protection,but this problem has not been fully resolved and the salvor always falls into the predicament of being wronged after salvage.Based on in-depth analysis,the paper holds that apart from the insufficient punishment for those who break the promise,the key to the frequent occurrence of such behavior is closely related to their low economic ability and lack of adequate social security.Accordingly,it is proposed to correct them by civil,administrative or criminal means according to the types of legal interests violated by trust-breaking acts and include them in the credit investigation records and also strengthen the social security for those in distress.Besides,diversified approaches should be adopted to develop a better and safer emergency rescue environment.