万山和丹寨汞矿区20种野生植物硒富集特征

Accumulation of Selenium in 20 Wild Plants Growing in the Wanshan and Danzhai Mercury-Mining Areas

目的:本研究旨在筛选生长在污染区对Se有富集潜力的植物,测定了万山及丹寨汞矿区20种野生植物及其根际土壤中Se的含量,并评价研究区土壤Se污染程度和20种野生植物对Se的富集能力和转运能力。方法:采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定土壤和植物中的Se含量。结果:结果表明,万山和丹寨汞矿区土壤分别受到了Se的中度和重度污染。20种植物根部、地上部分平均硒含量分别为1.65,0.95 mg·kg^(-1)。结论:假酸浆(Nicandra physalodes)和苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)不同部位Se含量表现出叶>种子>根>茎的“N”型分配特征。牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)、木蓝(Indigofera tinctoria)和菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)的BCFshoot和BTF均大于1,属于典型的富集型植物。醉鱼草(Buddleja Lindleyana)、野葛(Pueraria lobata)和钻叶紫菀(Aster subulatus)的BCFroot大于1,但BTF小于1,属于典型的根部囤积型植物。六月雪(Serissa japonica)、魔芋(Amorphophallus rivieri)、苔草(Carex)、假酸浆(Nicandra physalodes)、刺苋(Amaranthus spinosus)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、中国芒(Miscanthus sinensis)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum)、藜(Chenopodium album)、蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata)、苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)和金丝草(Pogonatherum crinitum)的BCFroot和BCFshoot均小于1,属于典型的规避型植物。因此,牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)、木蓝(Indigofera tinctoria)和菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)可用于矿区硒污染土壤的修复植物。

Objective:This study is conducted to screen plants growing in a contaminated site to determine their potential for Se accumulation.Method:The content of Se in soil and plants was determined by HG-AFS.Result:The concentration of Se in the rhizophere soils,roots and shoots of 20 wild plants growing in Wanshan and Danzhai mercury mining area are determined.Furthermore,the Se contamination of soil,bioaccumulation and translocation of the Se in 20 wild plants are evaluated.The results show that the rhizosphere soil of plants in Wanshan and Danzhai mercury mining area are moderately and seriously contaminated by Se,respectively.The mean Se concentrations in the roots and shoots of 20 plants are1.65 mg·kg^(-1)and 0.95 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Conclusion:The Se contents in different parts of Nicandra physalodes and Boehmeria nivea show"N"distribution characteristics of leaves>seeds>roots>stems.The shoot bioaccumulation factor(BCFshoot)and biological translocation factor(BTF)of Achyranthes bidentata,Indigofera tinctoria,and Helianthus tuberosus are greater than one,which belong to typical shoot accumulator plants.The BCFsrootof Buddleja Lindleyana,Pueraria lobata and Aster subulatus are greater than one,but the BTF are less than one,which belong to typical root compartment plants.The BCFsrootand BCFshootof Serissa japonica,Amorphophallus rivieri,Carex,Nicandra physalodes,Amaranthus spinosus,Xanthium sibiricum,Bidens pilosa,Miscanthus sinensis,Solanum nigrum,Chenopodium album,Pteris vittata,Boehmeria nivea and ogonatherum crinitum are less than one,which belong to typical excluder plants.Achyranthes bidentata,Indigofera tinctoria,and Helianthus tuberosus could be used as a phytoremediation of Selenium contaminated soil in mining area.