不同施磷量对盐渍化土壤玉米磷素吸收及产量的影响

Effects of phosphorus application on phosphorus uptake and yield of maize on saline soil

为探究不同施磷量对盐渍土中玉米磷素吸收及产量的影响,本研究通过两年田间试验,研究苏打碱土中不同磷水平(0、75、150、225、300 kg·hm^(-2))对玉米磷素吸收转运及生理活性的影响。结果表明,同一施磷水平下,2018年各处理产量、生物量、磷积累量及叶片磷素含量较2017年均显著提升。与不施用磷肥处理相比,2018年各增施磷肥处理显著提高了玉米地上部的磷积累量、叶片磷素的转运量和转运率,降低了盐渍土中玉米叶片的Na^(+)/K^(+)值,磷脂酶Dζ1活性增加了30.7%~73.7%,焦磷酸化酶活性增加了71.0%~235.5%,超氧化物歧化酶活性提高了65.4%~144.5%,显著提高了玉米不同生长期地上部生物量。2017年各增施磷肥处理较不施用磷肥处理的玉米产量提高了42.5%~85.9%,2018年各增施磷肥处理较不施用磷肥处理的玉米产量提高了30.6%~79.7%。为缓解松嫩平原苏打碱土盐胁迫、提高玉米生物量和产量,该区域磷肥施用量建议为225~300 kg·hm^(-2)为宜。

In order to explore the effect of phosphorus application rate on phosphorus uptake and yield of maize in saline soil,a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus levels(0,75,150,225,300 kg·hm^(-2))on phosphorus absorption,transport and physiological activity of maize in saline soil.Under the same phosphorus application level,the yield,biomass,phosphorus accumulation and leaf phosphorus content of each treatment in 2018 were significantly higher than those in 2017.The results showed that compared with the treatment without phosphorus application in 2018,the application of phosphate fertilizer treatment significantly increased the phosphorus accumulation in maize shoots,increased the phosphorus transport and transport rate in leaves,decreased the Na^(+)/K^(+)ratio of maize leaves,meanwhile phospholipase Dζ1 activity increased by 30.7%~73.7%and pyrophosphorylase activity increased by 71.0%~235.5%,and the activity of superoxide dismutase increased by 65.4%~144.5%,significantly increased the aboveground biomass of maize in different growth periods.In 2017,the maize yield of all phosphorus fertilizer treatments increased by 42.5%~85.9%compared with no phosphorus fertilizer treatment,and in 2018,the maize yield of all phosphorus fertilizer treatments increased by 30.6%~79.7%,compared with no phosphorus fertilizer treatment.In order to alleviate the salt stress of soda alkaline soil in Songnen Plain and improve the biomass and yield of maize,the application rate of phosphate fertilizer in this area can be considered at 225~300 kg·hm^(-2).