生物有机肥替代化肥对茶叶生长、品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of bioorganic fertilizer substitution on tea growth and quality and soil fertility

有机肥的施用是调控茶叶产量和品质的重要措施之一,有机肥替代化肥有助于茶叶高品质增产的同时调节土壤理化性质,改善土壤环境。通过两年的田间试验,研究不同比例生物有机肥(F)替代化肥对六安瓜片茶叶生长、内在化学品质和感官品质及茶园土壤肥力的影响。研究结果表明:50%F和70%F替代化肥处理茶叶的百芽重量和芽茶密度表现最佳,可以促进茶叶增产,感官评审结果相对较好。茶叶中游离氨基酸和水浸出物的含量随着生物有机肥施用量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,茶多酚含量和酚氨比呈先降低后升高的趋势,咖啡碱呈现依次升高的趋势,50%F替代化肥处理茶叶内含物质提升最佳。土壤pH、有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量随着生物有机肥施用量的增加依次增加。生物有机肥替代50%化肥处理提高百芽重量、芽茶密度和改善茶叶品质、土壤肥力效果最佳,其次是70%替代化肥处理,研究结果可为茶叶的提质增效提供参考依据。

The application of organic fertilizer is one of the important measures to control the yield and quality of tea.The substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer helps to increase the yield of tea with high quality,improving the soil physical and chemical properties and soil environment.The effects of different proportions of bioorganic fertilizer(F)substitution on lu’an Guapian tea growth,intrinsic chemical quality,sensory quality and soil fertility were studied through 2-year continuous field experiments.The results showed that 50%F and 70%F had the best performance in the weight of 100 buds and the density of bud tea,which could increase the yield of tea,and sensory evaluation was also relatively good.The contents of free amino acids and water extracts in tea showed a trend of rising first and then reducing with the increase of the application amount of bio-organic fertilizer.While tea polyphenols and phenol-ammonia ratio showed the opposite trend,which decreased first and then increased.The caffeine showed a trend of increasing successively.The best improvement of tea content was 50%F substituting for chemical fertilizer.The soil pH and contents of organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium increased with the increase of the application amount of bio organic fertilizer.Bio organic fertilizer substituting for 50%chemical fertilizer improved the weight of 100 buds,the density of bud tea,the quality of tea leaves and soil fertility,the next dispose is 70%substituting for chemical fertilizer.The results can provide a reference for improving the quality and efficiency of tea.