玉米/大豆间作种植对农田大型土壤动物群落动态变化的影响

Effect of maize/soybean intercropping pattern on dynamic changes of cropland soil macrofauna community

为调查玉米/大豆间作种植模式对农田大型土壤动物群落结构动态特征的影响,采用手拣法捕获土壤动物,于2016年6~9月玉米生育期内对大型土壤动物群落组成、多样性、垂直分布和功能群特征进行了研究。结果表明:玉米生育期共捕获大型土壤动物818只,隶属于34个类群。大型土壤动物个体数随玉米生长呈现逐渐增加的趋势,在拔节期间作种植显著提高了土壤动物个体数(P<0.05);玉米拔节、抽穗和成熟期10~20 cm土层大型土壤动物个体数显著高于0~10和20~30 cm土层(P<0.05)。Shannon-Weiner指数和Margalef指数随玉米生长呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在拔节期Shannon-Weiner指数和Margalef指数均最大;Simpson指数总体与Shannon-Weiner指数变化趋势相反,随玉米生长呈现先下降后升高的趋势。间作种植在成熟期显著提高了植食性大型土壤动物个体数,在拔节期显著提高了捕食性和腐食性大型土壤动物个体数(P<0.05);植食性和腐食性大型土壤动物个体数随玉米生长呈增加的趋势;捕食性大型土壤动物个体数随玉米生育期基本呈增加的趋势。

In order to investigate the effect of maize/soybean intercropping on the dynamic characteristics of farmland macrofauna community structure soil animals were captured by hand-picking method.The composition,diversity,vertical distribution and functional groups of soil macrofauna were studied,during the maize growth period from June to September 2016.The results showed that:a total of 818 soil macrofauna were captured,belonging to 34 groups during the growth period of maize.The individual number of soil macrofauna increased gradually with the growing of maize,and the individual number was significantly increased by intercropping in jointing stage of maize(P<0.05).The number of soil macrofauna at 10~20 cm was significantly higher than that at 0~10 and 20~30 cm during the jointing,heading and mature stages of maize(P<0.05).The Shannon index and Margalef index increased first and then decreased with the growing of maize,and the Shannon index and Margalef index were the largest at the heading stage.On the contrary to Shannon-Weiner index,the Simpson index decreased first and then increased with growing.Intercropping significantly increased the number of herbivorous macrofauna at the maturity stage(P<0.05).The number of saprohagous and predacious macrofauna were significantly increased at the jointing stage(P<0.05).The number of phytophagous and saprohagous macrofauna increased with the growing of maize.The number of predacious macrofauna increased with the growth period of maize.