施肥模式对中国稻田氮素径流损失和产量影响的Meta分析

Effects of different N management practices on N runoff loss and yield in rice production system based on Meta-analysis in China

优化施肥模式是减少稻田氮素径流损失,降低农业面源污染风险,确保作物产量的重要措施。采用Meta分析方法研究不同施肥模式(施肥类型、施肥量和分施次数)对稻田氮素径流损失和作物产量的影响,筛选了29个同行评议研究论文,共109组有效的配对试验数据进行分析。结果表明,与不施肥相比,化肥、有机肥替代和缓释肥替代分别增加氮素径流损失量N 6.73、1.21和3.40 kg/hm^(2)。与单施化肥相比,有机肥和缓释肥替代分别显著降低82.0%和49.5%的氮素径流损失,而对作物产量没有显著影响。同时,单施化肥处理的氮素径流损失率(4.34%)显著高于有机肥替代(2.33%)和缓释肥替代(2.04%)。施肥量的影响表现为,当施肥量低于N 240 kg/hm^(2)时氮素径流损失量没有明显差异,95%置信区间范围在N 4.40~6.96 kg/hm^(2);而施肥量高于N 240 kg/hm^(2)时氮素径流损失量显著增加,95%置信区间范围增加为N 7.17~11.25 kg/hm^(2)。当稻田的施肥量为N 120~180 kg/hm^(2)时,可有效降低氮素径流损失,同时维持较高的作物产量。化肥分施次数也对氮素径流有显著影响,与氮肥一次性施入相比,分施显著降低了氮素的径流损失量和损失率,其中2、3和4次分施的氮素径流损失率均值分别为1.87%、3.54%和3.21%,显著低于单次施用的10.20%。该研究结果为合理制定稻田氮素管理方案、减少氮素径流损失和农业面源污染物排放、提高氮素利用效率提供科学依据。

Developing optimized nitrogen management practice is crucial for mitigating nitrogen runoff loss and reducing the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution,and ensuring crop yield in paddy rice system.A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of different nitrogen management practices on nitrogen runoff loss and crop yield.A total of 29 peer-reviewed papers and 109 treatment pairs were selected by a global literature review.Results showed that chemical nitrogen fertilizer,organic nitrogen fertilizer substitution,and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer substitution increased nitrogen runoff loss by N 6.73,1.21 and 3.40 kg/hm^(2),respectively,compared with no fertilization treatments.Compared with the single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer,organic nitrogen fertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer substitutions decreased 82.0%and 49.5%of nitrogen runoff loss,respectively,without reduction in crop yield.Moreover,the ratio of nitrogen runoff loss to total nitrogen input of organic nitrogen fertilizer(2.33%)and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(2.04%)substitution treatments was significant smaller than that of chemical nitrogen fertilizer treatments(4.34%).Under different nitrogen application rates,the amount of nitrogen runoff loss showed no significant difference when the nitrogen application rates were less than N 240 kg/hm^(2),and within the 95%confidence interval of N 4.40 to 6.96 kg/hm^(2).And the amount of nitrogen runoff loss increased significantly with the nitrogen application rate when nitrogen input was above N 240 kg/hm^(2).The nitrogen application rates from N 120 to 180 kg/hm^(2)was recommend to minimize nitrogen runoff loss and meanwhile maintaining high crop yield.In addition,the fertilization times also significantly impacted nitrogen runoff loss.Two,three and four split applications significantly reduced nitrogen runoff loss,with the average ratios of 1.87%,3.54%and 3.21%,respectively,compared to one-off application(10.20%).These results provide decision supports for developing best N management practices in paddy rice system.