志怪小说与魏晋史学

Mythical Novels and Historiography of the Wei and Jin Dynasties

史书是志怪小说孕育的母体,先秦史书中含有丰富的志怪内容。魏晋史学的独立与发达促使这一时期志怪小说大量涌现,而后史书征引志怪材料也成为普遍的现象。小说是来自民间的传闻,这种口述方式也曾是历史的记述方式,文字形成之前,由瞽史口述历史,文字成熟之后,口述历史的传统逐步没落于小说家之流。志怪与史书的区别并不完全在于凭虚与真实,志怪故事看似荒诞的叙事中亦包含着史实质素。

Mythical novels generally originate from historical records.The historical records in the pre-Qin period cover a plenty of strange and mysterious stories.The independence and development of historiography of the Wei and Jin Dynasties promote the creation of a large number of mythical novels in this period,and then it becomes popular that historical records quote mythical materials.Novels are combination of rumors from the people,and this oral way used to be a way of historical narration.Before the writing is formed,the oral history is told by musicians and officials.After the writing becomes mature,the tradition of oral history gradually declines to that of novelists.The difference between mythical novels and historical records is not entirely based on fiction and truth.The seemingly absurd narrative of mythical tales also contains historical facts.