不同时期叶面追氮对小麦产量、蛋白质含量及氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of foliar nitrogen topdressing timing on grain yield,protein content and nitrogen utilization of wheat

为探究优化小麦籽粒蛋白质组成及提高氮素吸收利用的最佳叶面追氮时期,本试验以优质强筋冬小麦‘藁优2018’和‘师栾02-1’为供试材料,在总施氮量为210 kg/hm^(2)的条件下,设置不同叶面追氮时期处理,研究不同时期叶面追氮对小麦产量、蛋白质含量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:‘藁优2018’在花后10 d叶面追氮地上部各器官吸氮量及氮素吸收效率均达到最高,而不同时期叶面追氮对师栾02-1地上部吸氮量并无显著影响。‘藁优2018’和‘师栾02-1’籽粒蛋白质含量均在花后10 d叶面追氮时最高,较其他时期叶面追氮处理最大增幅分别为9.6%和9.9%。进一步分析蛋白质组成发现,‘藁优2018’和‘师栾02-1’2个品种分别在花后10 d和开花期叶面追氮时醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量最高。‘藁优2018’在花后10 d叶面追氮提高地上部各器官吸氮量、籽粒蛋白质含量且优化蛋白质组成的同时不减产,而‘师栾02-1’后期叶面追氮导致减产6.9%~8.4%。综合考虑,‘藁优2018’和‘师栾02-1’优化小麦籽粒蛋白质组成及提高氮素吸收利用的最佳叶面追氮时期分别为花后10 d和开花期。

In order to explore the optimal foliar nitrogen(N)topdressing timing for optimizing protein component,and improving N uptake,a field experiment was conducted using two strong gluten winter wheat cultivars‘Gaoyou 2018’and‘Shiluan 02-1’.Four treatments were set up consisting of foliar N application at different late growth stages or without late N application of wheat under the same total N fertilization rate of 210 kg/hm^(2).The responses of grain yield,quality as well as N uptake and utilization of wheat to different N managements were monitored.The results showed that the highest N uptake in the above-ground biomass and nitrogen absorption efficiency was achieved when the foliar N was applied at 10 days after anthesis(10DAA)in‘Gaoyou 2018’,while no significant effects of foliar N application were showed in‘Shiluan 02-1’.The highest grain protein content was achieved when the foliar N was applied at 10DAA in both‘Gaoyou 2018’and‘Shiluan 02-1’,and the maximum increase were 9.6%and 9.9%,respectively.Further analysis of protein components showed that the highest content of gliadin and glutenin were achieved when the foliar N were applied respectively at 10DAA and anthesis stage in‘Gaoyou 2018’and‘Shiluan 02-1’.Foliar N application at 10DAA of‘Gaoyou 2018’showed higher N uptake in the above-ground biomass,grain protein content and optimizing protein components without reducing yield,while foliar N application at late growth stages of‘Shiluan 02-1’resulted in yield reduction of 6.9%-8.4%.Therefore,the optimal foliar N topdressing timing for optimizing protein component and improving N uptake of‘Gaoyou 2018’and‘Shiluan 02-1’was 10DAA and anthesis stage,respectively.