某废旧电瓶炼铅厂环境污染损害评估研究

Study on environmental pollution damage assessment of a waste battery lead refinery

废铅酸蓄电池是指正极的活性物质由铅化合物构成,负极由铅构成,电解液由硫酸溶液构成的失去原有功能的蓄电池。废铅蓄电池和废铅蓄电池拆解过程中产生的废铅板、废铅膏和酸液均属于危险废物。废旧铅酸蓄电池的液体内不仅含有腐蚀性的硫酸,而且还含有重金属铅等,未经处置排放会对水体、土壤造成环境污染。以某非法废旧电瓶炼铅厂案件为例,通过文献调查和对基本工艺的研究,结合现场照片、监测报告等,确定该厂必备的基本生产条件和工艺流程,分析废旧电池炼铅过程的污染源、废旧电池炼铅工艺及排污环节,并以钠钙双碱法脱硫工艺投入成本来评估涉案炼铅厂的二氧化硫大气环境损害赔偿数额,以文丘里洗涤器来评估涉案炼铅厂的扬尘大气环境损害赔偿数额,以市场调研法确定了固体废物环境损害数额,并选取合适的方法对土壤和地下水损害进行了确认,以期为相关环境损害案例评估提供参考。

The waste lead-acid battery refers to a battery that loses its original function because the active material of the positive electrode is composed of lead compounds,the negative electrode is composed of lead,and the electrolyte is composed of sulfuric acid solution.The waste lead plate,waste lead paste and acid liquid generated during the disassembly of waste lead batteries and waste lead batteries are all hazardous wastes.The liquid of waste lead-acid batteries contains not only corrosive sulfuric acid,but also heavy metal lead,etc.The untreated discharge will cause environmental pollution to water and soil.Taking the case of an illegal waste battery lead smelting plant as an example,through literature investigation and Research on the basic process,combined with on-site photos and monitoring reports,the necessary basic production conditions and process flow of the plant are determined,and the pollution sources,waste battery lead smelting process and sewage discharge links of the waste battery lead smelting process are analyzed.The input cost of the sodium calcium double alkali desulfurization process was used to assess the amount of atmospheric environmental damage compensation for sulfur dioxide in the lead refinery involved,the venturi scrubber was used to assess the amount of atmospheric environmental damage compensation for dust in the lead refinery involved,the amount of environmental damage for solid waste was determined by market research method,and appropriate methods were selected to confirm the damage to soil and groundwater,with a view to providing reference for the assessment of relevant environmental damage cases.