某核电厂附近海域生态环境特征及潜在致灾生物研究

Ecological environment and the potential hazard-causing organisms in the sea area near the nuclear power plant

为了了解某核电厂周边海域的生态环境状况,筛选潜在威胁核电厂冷源安全的致灾生物,分析影响致灾生物时空分布的主要环境因素,本研究于2018年进行了4个季节的生态调查。结果表明,研究海域浮游植物密度秋季最高,春季优势种为东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense),其他季节优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)等硅藻。浮游动物密度夏季最高,以桡足类为主,春、夏季优势种还包括球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)和薮枝螅水母(Obelia sp.)。底栖动物的密度和生物量在秋季最高,优势种主要为豆形短眼蟹(Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides)、长吻沙蚕(Glycera chirori)和丝异须虫(Heteromastus filiforms)。浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物群落均在夏季最为稳定,群落多样性水平和物种丰度较高,且分布较为均匀。浮游植物群落的细胞丰度与悬浮物和磷酸盐的浓度正相关性最高。浮游动物的密度受温度和盐度的影响较大。底栖动物的群落分布主要受悬浮物和无机营养盐的浓度影响。本研究共筛选出17种威胁该核电厂冷源安全的潜在致灾生物。海地瓜(Acaudina molpadioides)、棘刺锚参(Protankyra bidentata)、海葵(Actiniaria species)和球型侧腕水母的风险等级较高,其分布主要受温度和盐度的影响。后续工作中,该核电厂应根据潜在致灾生物与环境因子的关系加强暴发机制研究、提升监测预警能力,并优化驱赶消杀技术和干扰体系,为核电厂冷源安全提供理论和技术保障。

This study conducted seasonal ecological surveys in 2018 to understand the ecological environment of the sea area near the nuclear power plant and to screen out the hazard-causing organisms that may threaten the safety of the cold water source for the nuclear power plant.The results showed that phytoplankton density was highest during autumn.The dominant phytoplankton species during spring was Prorocentrum donghaiense,and diatoms,such as Skeletonema costatum,dominated during the other seasons.The zooplankton density was highest in summer,and dominated by copepods.Pleurobrachia globosa and Obelia sp.were among the dominant zoo-plankton species in spring and summer.The density and biomass of zoobenthos were highest in autumn,and the dominant species were Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides,Glycera chirori,and Heteromastus filiforms.The phyto-plankton,zooplankton,and zoobenthos communities were the most diverse and stable in summer.The cell abundance of the phytoplankton community was strongly positively correlated with changes in suspended matter and phosphate.The zooplankton density was strongly affected by temperature and salinity.The zoobenthos community distribution was mainly affected by the concentrations of suspended matter and inorganic nutrients.A total of 17 potential hazard-causing organisms that threatened the safety of the cold water source for the nuclear power plant were screened out.Among them,Acaudina molpadioides,Protankyra bidentata,Actiniaria species,and Pleurobrachia globosa had higher risk levels,and their distributions were mainly affected by temperature and salinity.Based on the relationship between potential disaster-causing organisms and environmental factors,the nuclear power plant should strengthen research on the outbreak mechanism,improve monitoring and early-warning capabilities,and optimize driving-killing technology and the interference system.Therefore,more theoretical and technical guarantees were provided for the safety of the cold water source for the nuclear power plant.