基于生态通道模型的我国渔业资源生态容量研究进展

An review of the ecological carrying capacity of fishery resources in China based on the Ecopath model

随着人类活动对于海洋资源的过度开发,渔业资源的衰退趋势愈发显著。因此,渔业资源亟待科学合理的理论指导来保护和利用有限的渔业资源。Ecopath生态通道模型是一种研究生态系统特征与变化的经典模型,除了可用于分析生态系统结构与功能以及评估生态系统的成熟稳定程度外,该模型还可以评估物种的生态容量,为增殖放流活动等渔业资源提供保护措施,因此被广泛应用于渔业资源生态容量研究。本文综述了生态容量的概念以及目前国内研究生态容量的常见方法,对Ecopath模型的发展历史做了简要概述,介绍了模型的原理、建立、调试方法以及使用Ecopath模型评估物种生态容量的操作方法,随后对模型中的各项参数指标做了详细的介绍。本文根据Ecopath模型在我国渔业资源研究中的应用方向进行了分类讨论,并对我国当前基于Ecopath的水域生态容量研究进展进行了汇总,对比了不同类型生态系统之间生态特征参数的异同,重点归纳了不同水域生态系统下的物种生态容量评估研究,最后提出了模型的限制性以及发展前景。

With the over-exploitation of marine resources by human activities,the declining trend in fishery resources has become prominent.Therefore,fishery resources urgently need scientific and reasonable theoretical guidance to protect and use the limited fishery resources.The Ecopath model is a classic model for studying the characteristics and changes of ecosystems.In addition to analyzing the structure and function of ecosystems and evaluating their degree of maturity and stability,the Ecopath model can evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of species and provide a scientific basis for fishery resource protection measures,such as proliferation and release activities.Therefore,it is widely used in the study of the ecological capacity of fishery resources.This paper reviews the concept of ecological carrying capacity and the common methods of evaluating the ecological carrying capacity along with the domestic research on the Ecopath model.Additionally,the paper briefly summarizes the development history,introduces the principle of the model,build,debug method,uses the Ecopath model assessment to determine the species’ecological carrying capacity via the operation method,and later introduces the various parameter index model in detail.Next,the application of the Ecopath model in the fishery resources research in China is classified and discussed,and the current research progress in the ecological capacity of waters based on the Ecopath model is summarized.The differences and similarities in the ecological characteristic parameters among the different types of ecosystems are compared,and the limitations and development prospects of the Ecopath model are put forward.This review focuses on the assessment of the species’ecological carrying capacity in different aquatic ecosystems,aiming to provide a scientific reference for aquaculture activities in different ecological environments.