广义设计-建造二分讨论——以三位拉美建筑师的实践为例

Discussion on General Design-Build Dichotomy:Case Study of the Practice of Three Latin American Architects

随着现代分工和学科细化,建筑师丧失了其传统职业角色,与此同时,设计、建造二分作为问题浮现出来。现有讨论多关注于狭义二分问题,围绕建筑师和工程师之间的专业分工展开,忽略了现代建造活动中还存在更为根本的脑力劳动和体力劳动的分工,以及体力劳动者间更为细化的分工,也就是广义二分问题。相较于狭义二分问题,广义二分问题涉及建筑学边界之外其他学科,但建筑学的根基在于建造,即使有些问题目前属于模糊地带,也应尽力梳理清晰,在其中寻找建筑学的机遇。因此,本文希望针对广义的二分问题展开讨论:通过分析三位不同时期拉美建筑师的思想和实践,探讨广义二分问题的可能解决路径。

With the division of specialization and refining of disciplines,architects have lost their traditional professional role,while the dichotomy of design-build has emerged as a problem.The existing discussion has focused on the narrow dichotomy-the professional division between architects and engineers,ignored that there is also a division of labor between mental and physical labor,and the fine division of construction workers in modern construction activities,which could be called as general dichotomy.Compared with the narrow dichotomy,the general dichotomy involves other disciplines out of the boundary of architecture,but the foundation of architecture is construction,and even if the issues related to construction are ambiguous,we should try our best to figure them out and find the developing opportunities for architecture in them.Therefore,this paper will discuss the problem of general dichotomy though analyzing the ideas and practices of three Latin American masters of different periods to explore the possible paths to solve the problem of general dichotomy.