北京天文馆营建史探赜

A Historical Study of the Design and Construction of Beijing Planetarium

现代天文馆是1920年代诞生于德国的一种新建筑类型,是光学、电气、机械制造、结构设计等多个工程学科合作的成果,不但利用新技术创造出新的建筑新形象,星空剧场的演示方式也成为人们的新娱乐方式,在科学和社会等方面产生了重要变革。本文追溯德国天文馆建筑设计的缘起及其在世界各国的传播和改进,在此基础上论述1954—1957年间北京天文馆筹备建设的策划和建设过程,讨论最早使用喷射混凝土技术的这一新中国著名建筑的设计和施工特点及其经验得失。

The modern planetarium emerged as a new type of architecture in Germany in the early 1920s,epitomizing a number of engineering fields including optical engineering,electrical engineering,mechanical engineering and structural design.Planetariums not only employ cutting edge technologies to create new architectural form,but also provide a new entertainment to change science and social life tremendously.This paper traces the genesis of the modern planetarium and its spread worldwide with significant improvements,on which basis it delineates the programming of Beijing Planetarium between 1954 and 1957,and investigates the design and construction characteristics of this critical example which first applied shotcrete in the early years of the PRC with lessons learned in the process.