南方岩溶区地下水资源特征与水资源保障对策

Characteristics of groundwater resources of karst areas in the Southern China and water resources guarantee countermeasures

【研究目的】中国南方岩溶地区干旱缺水等问题异常突出,岩溶地下水赋存和分布的复杂,开发利用率低,基于多年调查研究工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特征,研讨水资源保障对策。【研究方法】基于南方岩溶区地下水资源特点、地下水系统类型、地下水系统空间结构的叠置性和时空分布不均性分析,提出南方岩溶区水资源保障对策。【研究结果】南方岩溶区可从以下三方面充分发挥地下水资源安全保障作用,一是掌握地下水赋存分布规律,发挥分散供水和应急供水作用;二是加强调蓄工程建设,解决水资源时空分布不均问题;三是建立与生态重建和经济发展相结合的地下水资源可持续利用模式。【结论】南方岩溶区地下水赋存条件复杂,具有表层带岩溶水系统、岩溶地下河与管道流系统、岩溶大泉系统以及分散排泄地下水系统多种类型,规模大小不一,开发利用形式多样;在垂向上具有叠置性,水空分布严重不均;开发利用潜力较大。在地球科学系统论的指导下,查明岩溶水资源赋存分布规律,科学评价地下水资源量,因地制宜制定水资源开发利用和保护方案,为脱贫攻坚、生态文明建设和乡村振兴提供技术支撑。

[Objective]The problems of drought and water shortage in the karst areas of southern China are extremely prominent,the storage and distribution of karst groundwater are complex,and the utilization rate of development is low,based on years of investigation and research work,the characteristics of groundwater resources in the karst area in southern China are systematically summarized,and the countermeasures for water resources protection are studied.[Methods]Based on the characteristics of groundwater resources,the types of groundwater systems,the spatial structure of groundwater systems,and the uneven distribution of time and space in the southern karst area,the countermeasures for water resources protection in the southern karst area are proposed.[Results]The southern karst area can give full play to the role of groundwater resource security from the following three aspects:One is to grasp the law of groundwater storage and distribution,and play the role of decentralized water supply and emergency water supply.The second is to strengthen the construction of storage projects to solve the problem of unevenly distributed water resources.The third is to establish a sustainable use model of groundwater resources combined with ecological reconstruction and economic development.[Conclusions]The groundwater storage conditions in the southern karst area are complex,and there are many types of karst water systems in the surface zone,karst underground rivers and pipeline flow systems,karst large spring systems and scattered discharge groundwater systems,with different scales and different development and utilization.It has superposition in the vertical upward,and the time-space distribution of karst groundwater is seriously uneven;The potential for development and utilization is large.Under the guidance of the earth science system theory,it is necessary to find out the law of the allocation and distribution of karst water resources,scientifically evaluate the amount of groundwater resources,and formulate water resources development,utilization and protection plans according to local conditions,to provide technical support for poverty alleviation,ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization.