不同轮作模式对旱地番茄品质、产量及土壤真菌多样性的影响

Effects of Different Rotation Patterns on Tomato Quality and Yield and Soil Fungi Diversity in Dryland

为了筛选出适宜晋东南地区种植的最佳旱地番茄轮作作物,设置番茄轮作玉米(LVZm)、西葫芦(LVCp)、花生(LVAh)、葱(LVAf)、秋葵(LVAe)、黄瓜(LVCs)以及番茄连作(LLLe,CK)7种模式处理,测定后茬番茄品质指标(可溶性糖、有机酸、糖酸比、硝酸盐、Vc、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物、番茄红素)、产量指标(单果质量、产量)以及根际土壤真菌ITS1区域土壤微生物群落结构和多样性变化。结果表明,子囊菌是7个处理中的优势菌门,其余菌的种类与丰度存在较大差异;LVCs、LVZm、LVAh、LVAe这4种轮作模式可提高土壤真菌多样性指数,而LVCp轮作模式会降低土壤真菌多样性指数。LVZm轮作模式口感较佳;LVAe轮作模式、LLLe(CK)连作模式的Vc含量最高;可溶性蛋白含量没有显著差异;可溶性固形物含量以LLLe连作模式、LVCp轮作模式较高;LVCp轮作模式番茄红素含量最高;LVAe轮作模式硝酸盐含量最高。LVAe、LVCp轮作模式产量较LLLe(CK)显著提高,且LVCp轮作模式单果质量较LLLe(CK)显著增加。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,不同作物轮作品质、产量综合得分从高到低为LVCp>LVAe>LLLe>LVAh>LVAf>LVZm>LVCs。综上所述,不同作物的轮作会改变土壤真菌群落结构,影响真菌多样性及后茬番茄品质与产量,综合各因素认为,西葫芦、秋葵是较为适宜晋东南地区番茄生长的优势轮作作物。

In order to select rotation crops suitable for tomato in southeastern of Shanxi Province,we planted six cropsrotation patterns,namely maize(LVZm),zucchini(LVCp),peanut(LVAh),green onion(LVAf),okra(LVAe),and cucumber(LVCs),taking treatment with continuous tomato cultivation(LLLe,CK)as control.The changes in the microbial community structure and diversity in the ITS1 region of soil fungi were analyzed by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology.At the same time,the quality indicators(soluble total sugar,organic acid content,sugar-acid ratio,Vc content,soluble protein,soluble solids,lycopene content,nitrate)and yield indicators(single fruit weight,yield)of the following tomatoes were measured.The results showed that Ascomycote was the dominant phyla in the 7 treatments,and the species and abundance were quite different,LVCs,LVZm,LVAh and LVAe increased the diversity index of fungal,while LVCp decreased the index.LVZm had better taste;LVAe and LLLe had the highest Vc content;no significant difference in soluble protein content;the content of soluble solids were the highest in LLLe and LVCp;the content of lycopene was highest in LVCp;LVAe had the highest nitrate content.The yields significantly increased in LVAe and LVCp patterns,and the quality of single fruit significantly increased in LVCp rotation.Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the scores of quality and yield among different patterns from high to low were LVCp>LVAe>LLLe>LVAh>LVAf>LVZm>LVCs.In summary,crop rotation changes the soil fungal community structure,affects the index of the fungal,the quality and yield of tomatoes in subsequent crops.Based on various factors,zucchini and okra are the dominant rotation crops suitable for the growth of local tomatoes.