贵州金花茶开花生物学特性研究

Study on the Flowering Biological Characteristics of Camellia huana

本文以贵州金花茶为研究对象,通过对比原产地植株与引种地植株的开花生物学特性,为该种的多样性研究、花期管理、良种选育以及迁地保护等方面提供理论依据。结果表明:两者的花期存在明显差异,原产地群体于2月26日开始开花,花期为34 d;引种地群体比原产地延迟半个多月开花,花期为20 d。原产地单株开放时间为16~34 d;引种地单株开放时间为12~17 d。原产地植株的苞片、花萼、花药的长和宽、花瓣的宽、花丝的长、以及花药与花丝数量等特征明显大于或多于引种地植株,仅花瓣和花丝的长略低于引种地植株。原产地的花粉存活率随花逐渐开放呈先上升后下降的趋势。

By comparing the flowering biological characteristics of native and introduced Camellia huana plants,the theoretical basis was provided for the diversity study,flowering management,improved variety breeding and ex-situ conservation of this species.The results showed that there were significant differences in the flowering period between the two.The plants of native began to bloom on February 26,and the flowering period was 34 days;The flowering of the introduced plants was delayed by more than half a month compared with the native,and the flowering period was 20 days.The opening time of single plant in origin was 16~34 days,and introduced plants was 12~17 days.The bracts,calyx,anther length and width,petal width,filament length,and the number of anthers and filaments of the native plants were significantly greater than or more than those of the introduced plants,and only the length of petals and filaments was slightly lower than that of the introduced plants.The pollen survival rate of native increased first and then decreased with the gradual opening of flowers.