中国自贸协定深化特征与优化策略

Deepening China’s Free Trade Agreements Characteristics and Optimization Strategies

加快构建面向全球的高标准自贸区网络,成为中国应对百年未有之大变局的重要战略。文章基于中国自贸协定水平深度和垂直深度、静态和动态等多重视角,全面厘清自贸协定深化特征趋势。文章研究发现,协定整体层面中国FTA水平深度稳步上升但总体水平仍然较低,“WTO+”领域深度条款覆盖率远高于“WTO-X”领域;从水平深度来看,“WTO+”条款覆盖领域较广,而“WTO-X”条款覆盖仅集中在竞争政策、投资、资本流动等领域;从垂直深度来看,中国FTA垂直深度普遍低于世界平均水平,垂直深度差异主要源于协定自身经济合作目的不同;从FTA重点领域深化来看,反倾销条款深化仍然处于较低水平,知识产权领域深化亟待提升。为此,应着重推动中国FTA重点领域的深化,通过对标高标准规则,促进协定“WTO-X”领域的拓展以及垂直深化,进而通过高标准自贸区网络构建形成FTA深化的“中国方案”。

Accelerating the building of a global network of high-standard free trade zones has become an important strategy for China to cope with profound changes unseen in a century.Based on the horizontal and vertical depth, static and dynamic perspectives of China’s Free trade agreements, this paper comprehensively clarifies the deepening characteristic trends of free trade agreements.It is found in this paper that the depth of China’s FTA on the whole is rising steadily, but the overall level is still low.The coverage of in-depth provisions in the “WTO+X”field is much higher than that in the “WTO-X” field.From the perspective of horizontal depth, “WTO+X” clause covers a wide range of areas, while “WTO-X” clause covers only competition policy, investment, capital flow and other areas.From the perspective of vertical depth, the vertical depth of China’s FTA is generally lower than the world average, and the difference in vertical depth is mainly due to the different economic cooperation purposes of the agreement itself.From the deepening of key areas of FTA, the deepening of anti-dumping provisions is still at a low level, and the deepening of intellectual property rights needs to be improved.Therefore, it focuses on promoting the deepening of China’s FTA key areas, promoting the expansion and vertical deepening of the “WTO-X” area of the agreement through the elevation standard rules, and then forming the “Chinese scheme” of FTA deepening through the construction of high standard free trade area network.