拜登政府对华出口管制政策分析与应对

Analysis and Countermeasures of Biden Administration’s Export Control Policy Towards China

拜登总统执政以来,其对华出口管制政策泛政治化特点进一步强化,具体表现为打压重点突出、重视制裁工具联动、加强多边协调合作。未来,出口管制将继续是美国开展对华竞争的重点,在其国内政治和经济两方面压力下,预计拜登政府将采取更为精细化的打击手段,通过美欧贸易技术理事会(TTC)等多个平台发动盟友,就特定领域和关键技术对中国实施更严苛的围堵。短期来看,美国对华出口管制损害我国国家安全、多领域的产业发展和全球竞争力;长期来看,将激发中国的自主创新能力和投资潜力,锻炼并提升抗风险能力。我国应从加快科技创新攻坚、与美谈判合作、增进与别国互通互信、引领维护多边主义、加大对外宣传、加强博弈及维权等多方面入手,积极应对美国出口管制。

Since the Biden administration came to power, the pan politicized characteristics of its export control policy towards China have been further strengthened, which is specifically reflected in the prominent focus of crackdown, paying attention to the linkage of sanctions tools and strengthening multilateral coordination and cooperation. In the future, export control will continue to be the focus of the U. S. in its competition with China. Under the pressure of its domestic politics and economy, the Biden government is expected to adopt more refined means,mobilize allies through multiple platforms such as U. S.-EU Trade and Technology Council(TTC), and impose more severe containment on China in specific fields and key technologies. In the short term, U. S. export controls against China harm China’s national security, industrial development in several fields and the global competitiveness of enterprises. In the long run, it will stimulate China’s independent innovation ability and investment potential, exercise and improve its anti-risk capacities. In order to actively respond to U. S. export controls, it is important to accelerate scientific and technological innovation, negotiate and cooperate with the U. S. government, enhance mutual trust with other countries, lead and safeguard multilateralism, improve international communication, and strengthen rights protection.