石油烃-重金属复合污染共去除研究进展

Research Progress on Simultaneous Removal of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Heavy Metals Compound Pollution

传统和新兴油污染土壤问题日益严重,而重金属则不可避免地存在于油污染场地中,以往的处置或研发理念多是回避重金属的干扰。因此论述了石油烃与重金属复合污染的成因,重点讨论了重金属对石油烃生物降解的抑制、促进作用,以及微生物耐受重金属降解石油烃和二者共去除的研究进展。提出利用特异性微生物降解石油烃协同转化和固定重金属是处理复合污染场地的最优策略,将成为该领域今后的研究方向;在现阶段利用混合菌群协同处理复合污染技术更具可行性和实用性。只有解决技术稳定性和成本控制两个瓶颈问题,才可能促进生物修复技术的应用与推广,在大量现有基础研究上实现成果转化是生物修复技术的出路。

Soil contamination by the traditional and new type of oil is a growing problem.Heavy metals are inevitably present in the oil contaminated sites,and previous pollution disposal or research and development theories have mostly avoided the interference of heavy metals.This paper discussed the causes on the compound contamination of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals.Research progresses are expounded about inhibition and promotion mechanisms of heavy metals on petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation,petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation by microorganisms with tolerance capacity of heavy metals,and their co-removal.It is proposed that the optimal strategy to dispose the compound contaminated site could be the utilization of specific microorganisms for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons to transform and immobilize the heavy metals.And it would become a new research focus in the field of bioremediation.As far as existing knowledge is concerned,mixed bacterial colony is more feasible and practical to settle the matter.Only when the two technical bottlenecks of stability and cost are resolved,application and extension of bioremediation can be promoted,which is the prospect based on a large amount of existing basic researches that should be transformed into tangible results.