基于Windows平台的儿童工作记忆训练系统

Windows-based working memory training system for children

人的认知能力尤其是工作记忆能力可以通过训练提高。大部分的特殊儿童(如自闭症、阅读障碍、多动症等)都表现出不同程度和维度的工作记忆缺陷,而目前市面上所出现的工作记忆训练软件并没有完全涵盖工作记忆的4个子成分,因此需要一个完整的包含工作记忆4个子成分的训练系统,为儿童提供全面的、个性化的训练方法。文中提出一种以Windows平台为基础的工作记忆训练系统,该系统以Baddeley的工作记忆理论为基础,包括中央执行系统、情景缓冲器、言语工作记忆和视空间工作记忆4个训练部分。将所提出的工作记忆系统应用于双盲对照的干预实验中发现,相比安慰剂组,实验组的工作记忆能力得到显著提升,并且训练效果还可以迁移到其他未经训练的认知任务上。

Human cognitive abilities,especially working memory,can be improved by means of training. Most exceptional children(autism,dyslexia,ADHD,etc.)exhibit different degrees and dimensions of working memory deficits. As the working memory training software available in the market today does not cover perfectly the four subcomponents of working memory,a complete training system that includes the four subcomponents of working memory is needed to provide a comprehensive and individualized training approach for the children. A working memory training system based Windows platform is proposed,which takes the Baddeley′ s working memory theory as the basis and includes four training components:central executive system,episodic buffer,verbal working memory,and visuospatial working memory. In a double-blind controlled intervention experiment of the working memory training system,it has found that its working memory ability of the experimental group has been significantly improved in comparison with that of the placebo group,and the training effects also can be transferred to other untrained cognitive tasks.