鲁西南地区夏大豆“症青”发生原因探析

Analysis on the Cause of‘Stay Green’of Summer Soybean in Southwest Shandong Province

近年来,大豆“症青”的现象在鲁西南大豆产区时有发生,个别年份发生较重,为了探索该现象发生的原因,试验于2019—2020年在济宁市的2个县进行,通过对大豆同一品种不同播期试验和同一品种同一播期不同防治处理试验,来探索温度和点蜂缘蝽对大豆“症青”的影响。结果表明,2019—2020年的不同播期试验,不同的大豆品种都取得较好的产量;而同一品种同一播期不同的防治处理试验,除产量之间有差异,但也未出现大面积“症青”现象,试验地块的“症青”发生率在0~2%之间。研究结果初步证明:2018年鲁西南地区大豆的“症青”现象的发生与当年开花结荚期的高温重合有关,与点蜂缘蝽的关系不大。建议广大大豆种植户适当推迟夏大豆的播种时间并加强田间管理对大豆的正常生产有重要作用。

The summer soybean‘stay green’occurs occasionally in southwest Shandong in recent years,and it causes serious loss in some years.To explore the potential reasons of this phenomenon,the study conducted two experiments to illustrate the effects of temperature and Riptortus pedestris on summer soybean‘stay green’in two counties of Jining City.The experiments of different sowing dates of the same soybean variety and different treatments of the same soybean variety at the same sowing date were carried out to explore the effects.Different soybean varieties all had a relatively good yield with different sowing dates in 2019-2020;while under different treatments of the same variety at the same sowing date,except the difference of the yield,there was no any large scale of‘stay green’,and the rate of the phenomenon was below 2%.Preliminary result demonstrated that the outbreak of soybean‘stay green’in 2018 in southwest Shandong Province was related to the high temperature in flowering and podding stage,which had nothing to do with Riptortus pedestris.It is suggested that farmers should postpone the sowing date of summer soybean and strengthen the field management,which are important to the production of soybean.