儿童社会化中的宗教:上海广东浸信会日光会的宗教儿童观与儿童宗教教育

Religious outlook and education of children of Guangdong Baptists in Shanghai

上海广东浸信会在20世纪二三十年代,以自身创办的崇德女校附属小学的儿童为对象,以其宗教儿童观为指导,组织日光会开展宗教教育活动。在宗教儿童观方面,日光会从儿童定位、儿童权利、儿童责任三个方面,将儿童视为上帝的附庸和宗教教育的中心,承认基督教儿童的童年价值、发展权利和男女平等,强调基督教儿童对家庭、教会和“基督中国”的宗教责任。在此基础上,日光会采用适合基督教儿童的教育方法,贯彻以基督教儿童为中心、宗教为归属的教育方针,通过讲述宗教故事、唱诗、祷告、手工、游戏等教育活动,力图塑造拥有坚定基督教信仰、具有基督教倡导品德、开阔眼光和具有主动服务基督教精神的理想宗教儿童。日光会的所有活动,都是宗教权威主义价值观的单向投射,反射出儿童成长中预设的宗教前提,目的是为上帝塑造真正的小子民,可能带来对儿童心理世界的干涉和压抑,造成形式上的恭顺与服从。

In the 1920s and the 1930s,Guangdong Baptists in Shanghai organized Ri Guang Hui to carry out religious education activities to the children of the primary school affiliated to Chongde Girls’ School it established under the guidance of its religious outlook on children.In terms of religious outlook on children,Ri Guang Hui regarded children as the dependency of God and the center of religious education from three aspects:children’s orientation,rights,and responsibilities.It recognized the childhood values,development rights and gender equality of Christian children,and emphasized the religious responsibilities of Christian children to families,churches,and " Christ China".On this basis,the organization adopted educational methods suitable for Christian children,implemented the educational policy of focusing on Christian children and taking religion as its attribution.It attempted to cultivate ideal religious children with firm Christian faith,Christian morality,broad vision,and active spirit of serving Christianity by telling religious stories,choir,praying,handicrafts,games,and other educational activities.All its activities were a one-way projection of religious authoritarian values,reflecting the pre-set religious premise in children’s development.The purpose was to train faithful young subjects of God,which might have led to interference and suppression in children’s psychological world,resulting in ceremonial submission and obedience.