北京市房山区自然保护地生境质量评估

Habitat Quality Assessment of Nature Protected Areas in Fangshan District in Beijing

自然保护地在维护生态安全中居于首要地位,明确自然保护地生境质量和退化风险空间特征对于自然保护地规划至关重要。为评估房山区自然保护地对生态环境的影响,以北京市房山区为研究对象,利用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(InVEST)模型对其生境质量和生境退化风险空间特征进行分析,使用莫兰指数揭示生境冷热点区域,并探讨了生境质量、生态风险与各类自然保护地的关系。结果显示:房山区生境质量和生态退化风险均呈现东西向阶梯分布格局,西部生态环境好于东部;自然保护区、森林公园、地质公园的生境质量指数均高于0.9,明显高于房山区全区均值(0.7228),大部分自然保护地的生境退化风险低;在各类保护地中森林公园和自然保护区的生态环境最好,湿地公园最差,建议优化湿地公园内土地利用格局。研究结果对精准实施生态环境保护战略和自然保护地管理决策具有重要意义。

Nature protected areas play a primary role in maintaining ecological security.It is very important for nature protected area planning to clarify the spatial characteristics of habitat quality and degradation risk.To assess the impact of Fangshan District Nature Reserve on the ecological environment,a study was conducted in Fangshan District,Beijing.The Invest(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs)Model was used to analyze the spatial characteristics of habitat quality and degradation risk in Fangshan District,and the Moran Index was used to identify the cluster and outlier,the relationship between habitat quality,habitat degradation,hot and cold spots and various nature protected areas was discussed.The results showed that the ecological environment in the West was better than that in the east.The habitat quality indexes of nature reserves,forest parks and geological parks are all higher than 0.9,which is obviously higher than the regional average of Fangshan District(0.7228).Among all kinds of reserves,forest park and nature reserve have the best ecological environment and wetland park is the worst.It is suggested to optimize the land use pattern in Wetland Park.The research results are of great significance for the accurate implementation of the ecological environment protection strategy and the management decision-making of nature protected areas.