威宁短柱油茶优良无性系授粉组合筛选试验研究

Selecting Test on Pollination Combination of Superior Clones of Camellia weiningensis Y.K.Li.

为筛选威宁短柱油茶优良无性系的较优授粉组合,以威宁短柱油茶1、5、8、13、31和48号无性系为研究对象,对其花期、花粉量和花粉萌发率进行调查,并设计42个授粉组合进行人工控制授粉,通过调查授粉至果实成熟期间座果率动态变化、成熟果实表型性状和鲜果产量等情况,以提高10%以上的鲜果产量为目标,筛选出较优授粉组合。结果显示:(1)6个威宁短柱油茶无性系花期基本一致,均具有一定数量的花粉量和较高的花粉活力,具备互为授粉树的基本条件。(2)果实成熟时座果率最高的5个授粉组合为:31×5、13×5、13×31、5×31和1×5;在42个授粉组合中,果实表型性状均最佳的授粉组合为:1×5和13×5。(3)以鲜果产量为主要评价指标,筛选出4个较优授粉组合(1×5、5×48、13×31和31×5),与自然授粉相比鲜果产量平均提高12.5%。

In order to find out the better pollination combination of the superior clones of Camellia weiningensis Y.K.Li.,by selecting No.1,5,8,13,31,and 48 as research objects,and by designing 42 pollination combinations as manual control of pollination,the dynamic changes of fruit setting rate,phenotypic traits of mature fruits and fresh fruit yield during the period from pollination to fruit maturity were studied for increasing fresh fruit yield by more than 10%,and selecting the optimal pollination combination.The results showed that:(1)The flowering stages of the six C.weiningensis Y.K.Li.clones were basically the same,and they all had a certain amount of pollen and high pollen vigor,and had the basic conditions for mutual pollination trees;(2)The five pollination combinations with the highest fruit setting rate when the fruit was ripe were 31×5,13×5,13×31,5×31 and 1×5.Among the 42 pollination combinations,the fruit phenotypic characters were the highest.The best pollination combinations were 1×5 and 13×5;(3)Taking fresh fruit yield as the main evaluation index,four optimal pollination combinations(1×5,5×48,13×31 and 31×5)were selected,and the fresh fruit yield increased by 12.5%on average compared with natural pollination.