中国政府支持创新创业发展的政策工具选择:政策文本分析

The Choice of Policy Tools for Chinese Government to Support Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development:Policy Text Analysis

“大众创业、万众创新”是实施创新驱动发展战略的关键策略。在指导和促进创新创业发展过程中,中国政府出台了大量的公共政策。基于生态学视角,建立了创新创业生态系统模型,从基本政策工具(X维度)、创新创业主体(Y维度)和产业作用类型(Z维度)3个方面构建了创新创业政策三维分析框架,并以中国政府颁布的支持创新创业发展政策文本为研究对象,分析了政策工具的使用情况和基本特点。今后中国创新创业政策的制定和发展应重视政策工具创新和政策工具组合,整合优化政策链,注重政策工具使用的多元化,重视政策差异化供给,并在政策制定过程中加强多主体间的协同联动,细化关键政策措施,以打通政策落实的“最后一公里”。

China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development,which requires the transformation and upgrading of stock industries and emerging strategic industries to work together to promote China's economy from factor-driven to innovation-driven.As a key measure to implement the innovation driven development strategy,"mass entrepreneurship and innovation"is an important driving force to support high-quality economic development,which can drive the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure and cope with external pressure.Moreover,innovation and entrepreneurship has gradually become a hot issue of social concern since 2000,so,the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China has successively formulated and issued various innovation and entrepreneurship policies,forming an important policy guarantee to support the development of innovation and entrepreneurship.For this reason,it is necessary to systematic quantitative research on what is not only conducive to the optimization and improvement of the future innovation and entrepreneurship policy system,but also have a great significance to effectively promote the development and practice of innovation and entrepreneurship activities.As mentioned above,this paper integrates the theoretical ideas of ecology,innovation ecosystem and entrepreneurship ecosystem,to establish an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem model,and finds that it is a synergetic,complex and diverse system formed by the interaction between resource community,main community,industrial community and environment in a certain space.On this basis,a three-dimensional analysis framework of innovation and entrepreneurship policy is constructed from three aspects of basic policy tools(X dimension),innovation and entrepreneurship subjects(Y dimension)and industrial role types(Z dimension).What's more,the policy text quantitative analysis method is mainly used to carefully sort out and study the policy text issued by the Central People's Government to support the development of innovation and entrepreneurship from 2003 to 2020,so as to analyze the use and basic characteristics of its policy tools,then to explain and predict the way,strength,field and overall trend of government support for mass entrepreneurship and innovation activities.Based on the research of this article,the results show that in terms of the overall use of policy tools,environmental policy tools are used most frequently,followed by supply policy tools,the demand policy tools are used least and account for the smallest proportion.For different subjects,the government and social organizations are the focus of policy while pay less attention to individuals;In terms of supporting the development of different industries,the tertiary industry is the focus of policy support and pays the least attention to the secondary industry.Besides,it also reflects the policy logic of"innovative development concept based on China's national conditions;policy value concept centered on the people;policy support behavior based on instrumental rationality".Accordingly,the following optimization suggestions are put forward for the formulation and development of relevant innovation and entrepreneurship policies in China for the future is that pay attention to the innovative application of policy tools and their combinations,and actively integrate and optimize the innovation and entrepreneurship policy chain and focus on the diversification of the use of policy tools to realize the differentiated supply of policies,and strengthen the coordination and linkage between multiple entities,refine the key policy measures,and open the final channel for policy implementation.