再论监察措施与刑事强制措施衔接的制度弥合与现实张力--以“留置”为中心的分析

On the System Bridging and Realistic Tension of the Connection Between Supervision Measures and Criminal Coercive Measures

监察措施作为由《监察法》授权的强制处分形态,在监察机关办理职务违法与职务犯罪案件过程中可产生与刑事强制措施相近的程序效果。从学理上,以“留置”为代表的监察措施存在着“调查”与“侦查”的属性之争。在职务犯罪案件衔接刑事诉讼过程中,监察措施与刑事强制措施之间应然存在着共性基础与个性特征,共性基础包括权力来源、法律效果以及适用范围。监察措施的个性特征呈现为“类行政强制”属性与“非刑事司法评价”。监察措施当中的“留置”在立法用语上仍未回避语义上的“一体化”。实践运行中,监察措施存在着“同体批准”的程序监督效果,从期限设定上亦未区分职务违法与职务犯罪的案由。由此,监察措施与刑事强制措施衔接可实然地产生制度运行中的现实张力。

As a form of compulsory punishment authorized by the Supervision Law,supervision measures can produce similar procedural effects to criminal compulsory measures in the process of handling cases of duty violations and duty crimes by supervisory organs.Theoretically,the supervisory measures represented by“detention”have the dispute between the attributes of“investigation”and“detection”.In the process of connecting criminal proceedings with duty crime cases,there should be common basis and individual characteristics between supervision measures and criminal compulsory measures,and the common basis includes power source,legal effect and applicable scope.The individual characteristics of supervision measures are“administrative coercion”and“non-criminal judicial evaluation”.The“lien”in the supervision measures has not evaded the semantic“integration”in legislative terms.In practice,the supervisory measures have the procedural supervision effect of“approval by the same body”,and there is no distinction between the causes of duty violations and duty crimes from the time limit setting.Therefore,the connection between the supervision measures and the criminal compulsory measures can actually produce the realistic tension in the system operation.