椰糠与草炭配比生产马铃薯原原种的综合技术分析

Comprehensive Technical Analysis on the Production of Potato Elite Seeds Using Coconut Bran and Peat

原原种生产是马铃薯种薯生产的基础环节,目前主要的生产模式是基质栽培。以椰糠+草炭混配为基质生产马铃薯原原种,因基质可多次利用、无污染、环保等优点而被广泛关注。优化不同马铃薯品种的椰糠+草炭混配基质栽培模式,为原原种生产提供技术支持,对于促进种薯绿色高效生产具有重要意义。试验以马铃薯新品种‘东农312’‘东农314’‘东农317’为试验材料,采用4因素3水平正交试验设计,比较各品种在不同密度和肥料处理下的植株生长和产量情况,筛选优化方案。结果表明,‘东农312’的最优栽培方案为扦插密度5 cm×7 cm、基肥22.0 g/0.3 m^(2)、追肥N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O 20.6 g/0.3 m^(2),产量达1.49 kg/0.3 m^(2),合格薯(>2 g)率为76.07%;‘东农314’的最优栽培方案为扦插密度5 cm×5 cm、基肥22.0 g/0.3 m^(2)、追肥N+K_(2)O 18 g/0.3 m^(2),产量达1.56 kg/0.3 m^(2),合格薯(>2 g)率78.74%;‘东农317’的最优栽培方案为扦插密度5 cm×5 cm,基肥27.5 g/0.3 m^(2),追肥N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O 20.6 g/0.3 m^(2),产量达1.23 kg/0.3 m^(2),合格薯(>2 g)率78.58%。

Elite seed production is the basic link of potato seed production.At present,the main production mode is substrate culture.The production of potato elite seeds with coconut bran+peat mixture as the substrate has been widely concerned for its advantages of multiple utilization,no pollution and environment friendly.Optimizing the cultivation mode of coconut bran+peat mixture of different potato varieties to provide technical support for the production of elite seeds is of great significance to promote the green and efficient production of seed potatoes.In this experiment,the new potato varieties,'Dongnong 312','Dongnong 314'and'Dongnong 317',were used as experimental materials.The four factor and three-level orthogonal design was used to compare the plant growth and yield of each variety under different densities and fertilizer treatments,and to screen the optimal scheme.The optimal planting scheme for'Dongnong 312'was plant density of 5 cm×7 cm,base fertilizer of 22.0 g/0.3 m^(2),and top dressing of N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O 20.6 g/0.3 m^(2),yielding 1.49 kg/0.3 m^(2)with qualified potato(>2 g)percentage of 76.07%.The optimal planting scheme for'Dongnong 314'was plant density of 5 cm×5 cm,base fertilizer of 22.0 g/0.3 m^(2),and top dressing of N+K_(2)O 18 g/0.3 m^(2),yielding 1.56 kg/0.3 m^(2)with qualified potato(>2 g)percentage of 78.74%.The optimal planting scheme for'Dongnong 317'was plant density of 5 cm×5 cm,base fertilizer of 27.5 g/0.3 m^(2),and top dressing of N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O 20.6 g/0.3 m^(2),yielding 1.23 kg/0.3 m^(2)with qualified potato(>2 g)percentage of 78.58%.