内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市马铃薯种薯质量评价分析

Quality Evaluation and Analysis of Seed Potato in Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

质量检测是马铃薯种薯生产过程中的关键环节。连续5年按照国家标准《马铃薯种薯》(GB 18133—2012)的要求,在马铃薯种薯盛花期、收获后和出库销售前,对内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市主产旗县的8个种薯生产企业进行田间检验、收获后检测和库房检查,对检验和检查结果整理后进行质量评价与分析。2017~2021年乌兰察布市马铃薯种薯质量整体逐步提升,无病毒种薯批次数量呈增多趋势;种薯不合格主要是由总病毒率超标引起的,但单项病毒率超标也是种薯不合格的重要原因。马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato leafroll virus,PLRV)是该地区侵染种薯的2种主要的病毒,且PVY+PLRV为复合侵染的主要类型,并且检测出受马铃薯A病毒(Potato virus A,PVA)侵染的种薯批次。从细菌性病害调查情况可以看出,近年来,黑胫病和环腐病发生呈现“回头”的趋势,气生性茎腐病发生有加重的趋势,疮痂病侵染率相对较高。晚疫病、黑痣病、干腐病侵染率整体呈现下降的趋势。因此,在今后种薯质量管理过程中要注意单项病毒允许率和生长后期管理等易被忽略的指标和生产环节,针对PVY和PLRV等病毒以及黑胫病、环腐病、气生性茎腐病等细菌性病害,制定出科学合理的植保方案并贯彻执行,加强检疫性有害生物日常监测,严防入侵制种基地。根据质量评价分析结果,对症施策,才能进一步提升该地区种薯质量整体水平。

Quality inspection is the key link in the production process of seed potatoes.According to the requirements of national standard Seed Potatoes(GB 18133—2012),for five consecutive years,field inspection and quality inspection after harvest and warehouse inspection were carried out in eight seed-potato production enterprises in Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at flowering stage,after harvest and before sales,and quality evaluation and analysis were carried out after sorting out the inspection and inspection results.The general quality of seed potatoes in Ulanqab improved gradually from 2017 to 2021,and the number of seed lots free from virus showed an increasing trend.The main reason for disqualified seed potatoes was that the total virus rate exceeded the standard,but an individual virus rate exceeding the standard was also an important reason.Potato virus Y(PVY)and potato leafroll virus(PLRV)were the two main viruses infecting seed potatoes in this region,and PVY+PLRV was the main type of complex infection.Seed potato lots infected by potato virus A(PVA)were also detected.It can be seen from the investigation of bacterial diseases that the occurrence of potato blackleg and potato ring rot had turned back recently,the occurrence of potato aerial stem rot tended to increase,and the infection rate of potato scab was higher relatively.The infection rate of potato late blight,potato black scurf and potato dry rot generally showed a downward trend.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the neglected indexes like allowable rate of an individual virus and production links like late growth management in the future.For viruses such as PVY and PLRV,and bacterial diseases such as potato blackleg,potato ring rot and potato aerial stem rot,a scientific and reasonable plant protection plan should be formulated and implemented.The daily monitoring of quarantine pests should be strengthened,and the pathogens should be prevented from invasion into seed potato production base.According to the results of quality evaluation and analysis,only by taking appropriate measures could the overall level of seed potato quality in this region be further improved.