元杂剧中的尺牍研究

A Study of Letters in Yuan Zaju

《全元戏曲》中计有80种左右的杂剧都运用了“尺牍”这一道具,约占现存善本元杂剧数量的四分之三。笔者筛选元杂剧中涉及的尺牍并进行分类,其中的尺牍可分为公文和私信两类。在“故事”层面,元杂剧中的尺牍不仅对于剧中人有充当说理依据、情感媒介作用,还能让读者从中窥见元代特有的民俗。在“话语”即表达形式方面,尺牍有作为功能性物象、起程式化地推动情节的作用;也有因其代言与叙事融合的特征,区别于其他道具的审美特性。

According to Quanyuan Xiqu,about 80 kinds of Zaju use the prop of"letter",accounting for about three-quarters of the existing Yuan zaju.The author selects and classifies the letters involved in Yuan zaju,which can be divided into official documents and private letters.At the"story"level,the letters in Yuan zaju not only serve as reasoning basis and emotional media for the people in the play,but also let readers see the unique folk customs of the Yuan Dynasty.In the aspect of"discourse",that is,the form of expression,the letter has the function of promoting the plot as a functional image;It also has the aesthetic characteristics different from other props because of the integration of endorsement and narration.