气象、样品属性等因素与花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1污染水平关联性分析

Correlation of meteorological and other characteristic factors with aflatoxin B1pollution in peanut oil

目的 以 2017—2018 年广东省市售花生油中黄曲霉毒素 B(AFB)的污染状况为例,分析特定因素对AFB污染的影响。方法 采集 2017—2018 年广东省 21 个地市 637 份花生油样品,记录其样品标签属性,并根据GB 5009. 22—2016《食品中黄曲霉毒素 B 族和 G 族的测定》中的高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定样品中 AFB含量。结合第五代欧洲中期天气预报中心全球气候大气再分析数据库(ERA5)获得的样品产地气象数据计算样品生产前 1 个月的平均数据,并分析其与 AFB含量关联性。结果 广东省 2017—2018 年市售花生油中 AFB总检出率为 65. 3%,超标率为 24. 6%。其中,定型包装花生油样品无超标,而散装花生油样品有较高的超标率,且 AFB含量中位数显著高于定型包装样品。在多个气候因素中“花生油生产前 1 个月的平均气温水平”与散装包装样品AFB的超标率和含量有较强的关联,其中生产前平均气温超过 25 ℃的散装包装样品 AFB含量中位数约为气温低于 22 ℃样品的 3. 5 倍。然而其他气候因素并未展现出与 AFB含量的相关性。结论 2017—2018 年广东地区散装花生油样品 AFB具有较高的超标率,而花生油生产前 1 个月平均气温是影响其 AFB含量的重要因素。建议对广东省散装花生油的生产环境、生产方式进行重点关注并提高花生油质量,以减少居民 AFB等危险因素的暴露风险。

Objective To reveal the effects of specific factors on aflatoxin B(AFB)contamination in peanut oil and the status of AFBcontamination in peanut oil in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018 was taken as an example.Methods A total of 637 peanut oil samples were collected from 21 cities in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018,and their labels were recorded. The content of AFBin peanut oil was detected according to “GB 5009. 22—2016Determination of aflatoxin group B and group G in foods”. The temperature data of manufacturing place was obtained from ECMWF Reanalysis v5 database(ERA5)and the average temperature of the month before production was calculated,and the correlation between temperature and AFBcontent was then analyzed.Results The total detection rate of AFBin peanut oil samples was 65. 3% with 24. 6% over-standard rate. There was no over-standard sample in the standardized packages,while the bulk samples had a higher over-standard level rate and the median content of AFBwas significantly higher than that in the standardized package samples. Among several meteorological factors,average temperature of the month before peanut oil production had a strong relevance to the over-standard rate and content of AFBin the samples. The median content of AFBin bulk peanut oil samples with average temperature of pre-production above 25 ℃ was about 3. 5 times that of the samples with average temperature below 22 ℃ . However,other meteorological factors showed no correlation with AFBcontent in peanut oil.Conclusion AFBin bulk peanut oil samples in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018has a high over-standard rate,and the average temperature of pre-production is a key factor affecting the content of AFB.Therefore,the government should raise the awareness of the production environment and production process to ensure the quality of bulk peanut oil and reduce the risk of AFBexposure and other risks.