介孔纳米氧化铜/聚偏氟乙烯复合膜的制备和性能研究

Preparation and Properties of Nano-copper Oxide/polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Membrane

为了改善聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的亲水性、分离渗透性能、热稳定性和机械性能,首先采用自主开发的醋酸铜自模板(醋酸铜既是铜源又是模板剂)合成介孔纳米氧化铜(CuO),并将其与PVDF复合制备了不同介孔纳米CuO添加量的介孔纳米氧化铜/聚偏氟乙烯(CuO/PVDF)复合膜。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析仪(TGA)等仪器对复合膜进行分析表征,并对复合膜的亲水性、分离渗透性能和机械性能进行测试。研究结果表明:加入一定量的介孔纳米CuO有助于复合膜内部指状孔的形成,并且提高了复合膜的热稳定性能。介孔纳米CuO添加量为0.18 g时,复合膜的综合性能最好。接触角由105°降低到72°,实现了疏水膜到亲水膜的转变。孔隙率最大为83.2%,纯水通量是PVDF原膜的1.2倍。拉伸强度最大为0.704 MPa,断裂伸长率最大为170.26%。

In order to improve the hydrophilicity, separation, permeability thermal stability and mechanical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride( PVDF) membranes, the mesoporous nano-copper oxide( CuO) was synthesized by self-template copper acetate developed by ourselves firstly, and mesoporous nano-copper oxide/polyvinylidene fluoride( CuO/PVDF) composite membranes were prepared by composite mesoporous nanoCuO with PVDF. X-ray diffractometer(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and thermo gravimetric analyzer( TGA) were used to characterize the composite membranes. The hydrophilicity, separation,permeability and mechanical properties of the composite membranes were tested. The results show that adding a certain amount of mesoporous nano CuO helps the formation of finger-like holes in the composite membranes,and the thermal stability of the composite membranes are improved. When the addition amount of mesoporous nano CuO is 0.18 g, the composite membranes have the best comprehensive performance. The contact angle of the composite membranes are reduced from 105° to 72°, which realize the transformation from a hydrophobic membrane to a hydrophilic membrane. The maximum porosity of the composite membrane is 83. 2%. The pure water flux is 1. 2 times of the original PVDF membrane. The maximum tensile strength is 0. 704 MPa, and the maximum elongation is 170. 26%.