三维图像配准技术构建膝关节及周围软组织曲面数字化模型

Constructing digital model of knee joint and surrounding soft tissue surface by three-dimensional image registration technology

背景:随着现代工业、现代国防以及现代医疗康复产业的发展,仿生设计与制造技术蓬勃兴起,该技术常以各类生物体及其组织为研究对象,模仿其几何外形、力学性能等指标,进而得以逆向设计与制造各类人工合成产品,其中几何外形特别是曲面建模技术的有效仿生是其中的关键一环。目的:以人体膝关节为例探讨曲面建模实践应用技术,建立人体膝关节几何解剖数字化模型,为膝关节生物力学特性的研究提供支持,同时为仿生设计的复杂曲面建模提供了一种有效的教学与研究模式。方法:利用膝关节CT扫描图像和MRI图像,通过医学影像处理技术分别获取骨组织及软组织轮廓的点云数据及其逼近曲线,并分别重建骨组织及软组织的膝关节实体模型。最后基于三维图像配准技术,将各软组织组装配于骨组织实体模型上,形成整体膝关节三维模型。结果与结论:通过3D医学影像技术构建了同时包含各骨组织和韧带、半月板、肌腱等主要软组织在内的膝关节复杂几何曲面解剖数字化模型。

BACKGROUND:With the development of modern industry,modern national defense and modern medical rehabilitation industry,bionic design and manufacturing technology is booming.This technology often takes various organisms and their tissues as research objects,imitating their geometric shapes,mechanical properties and other indicators,and then achieves reverse design and manufacture of various synthetic products,in which the effective bionics of geometric shapes,especially surface modeling technology,is a key part of it.OBJECTIVE:Taking the human knee joint as an example,this paper discussed the practical application technology of surface modeling,and established a digital model of the geometric anatomy of the human knee joint.It provided support for the research on the biomechanical properties of the knee joint,and at the same time provided an effective teaching and research model for the complex surface modeling of the bionic mechanism.METHODS:Using knee CT scan images and magnetic resonance imaging images,the point cloud data and approximation curves of bone tissue and soft tissue contours were obtained through medical image processing technology,respectively,and the knee joint entity models of bone tissue and soft tissue were reconstructed respectively.Finally,based on the 3D image registration technology,each soft tissue group was assembled on the bone tissue entity model to form the overall knee joint 3D model.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Through 3D medical imaging technology,a digital anatomical digital model of knee joint with complex geometric surfaces including various bone tissues and ligaments,meniscus,tendons and other major soft tissues was constructed.