中国境外经贸合作区的政策移动研究——以天津经济技术开发区和中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例

Policy Mobility of China’s Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone:A Case Study of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area and China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone

中国境外经贸合作区的建设是国内特殊经济区发展经验在空间上的延展。基于东道国独特的发展条件,需要将国内园区的建设经验进行调整,再运用到中国境外经贸合作区以适应东道国本地化发展。构建政策移动的理论框架,采用案例分析和比较研究法,以天津经济技术开发区与中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例,将国内园区与境外经贸合作区的相关政策进行对比分析,验证政策在不同国家“土壤环境”中的适应性。研究发现:①根据政策施行的影响因素和不同作用,政策移动可以分为政策移植、政策调试和政策创新;②规划建设经验、运营管理经验、环保政策、人才政策等可直接进行政策移植;发展模式和文化政策要进行政策调试;法规政策、晋升政策和优惠政策需要进行政策创新;③园区的共性体现在国内园区成熟经验的借鉴、人才的培育与储备、园区生态环境的保护以及基础设施和配套设施的完善;④园区的个性体现在文化的求同尊异、园区品牌的打造、晋升制度的创新和协调机制的建立等。创新性地运用政策移动性理论将国内和国外园区进行关联研究,揭示了境外经贸合作区的移植、调试和创新国内园区政策的过程,深化了政策移动理论的内涵,丰富了境外经贸合作区的理论研究成果。

China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zones are the spatial diffusion of the development ex-perience of China’s special economic zones.Based on the unique conditions of host country,the construction experi-ence of domestic parks should be adjusted and applied to China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zones in order to adapt to the localized development.By use of case study and comparative analysis,this paper proposes a the-oretical framework of policy mobility,and takes Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area(TEDA)and China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic&Trade Cooperation Zone(TEDA Suez)as examples to compare the relevant policies of domestic industrial zone and overseas economic&trade cooperation zone,thus verifies the applicability of policy in different“soil environment”.The research shows that:1)According to the influencing factors of policy im-plementation and different functions of policy,policy mobility can be divided into policy transplantation,policy ad-justment and policy innovation.2)Planning and construction experience,operation management experience,environ-mental protection policy,talent training policy can be used directly as policy transplantation;the development model and cultural policy belong to policy adjustments;legal policy,promotion policy and preferential policy should be com-pletely changed as policy innovation.3)The common features of two parks are reflected in the use of mature experi-ence in domestic parks,the cultivation and reserve of talents,the protection of the park’s ecological environment,and the improvement of infrastructure and supporting facilities.4)The individuality of parks is embodied in seeking for the similarities on the basis of respecting cultural differences,the building of park brand,the innovation of promotion sys-tem,the establishment of coordination mechanism.This paper applies the theory of policy mobility to studying the re-lationship between domestic and overseas parks,and exploring the process of policy transplantation,policy adjust-ment and policy innovation,which deepens the connotation of policy mobility theory and enriches the theoretical re-search of overseas economic and trade cooperation zone.