流域市场化生态补偿研究进展与展望

Market-oriented Watershed Payment for Ecosystem Services:Progress and Future Perspectives

在辨识流域市场化生态补偿概念内涵特征的基础上,归纳剖析国内外流域典型市场化生态补偿类型与模式,从生态补偿主客体、补偿标准、制度设计、效益评估等4个方面分析了流域市场化生态补偿研究的进展,对流域市场化生态补偿未来重点研究方向进行了展望,提出未来研究需在流域生态环境监测与客体定量表征、生态系统服务全链条价值估算、多目标协同的制度设计以及生态补偿绩效综合评价等方面进一步深化,从而为流域生态产品价值化实现提供科学支撑。

Market-oriented watershed payment for ecosystem services(PES)is an important pathway to pro-mote the realization of ecological product value and is a typical practice of payment for ecosystem services all over the world.Research on the mechanism of watershed PES is in line with the significant need for National Ecological Civilization Construction in China.Therefore,based on identifying the concept,content,and char-acteristics of watershed PES,this article analyzes and summarizes typical types and patterns of watershed PES worldwide.In addition,the article reviews watershed PES research progress in 4 aspects,including market sub-jects and target ecosystem services(ES),payment level and standards,mechanism designing,and effectiveness evaluation.Furthermore,in order to provide scientific support and evidence for decision-makers to realize eco-logical product value,possible trends and directions of future research are suggested.Firstly,there remains an urgent need to conduct more research regarding watershed ecological environment monitoring and quantitative ES indicators.Secondly,comprehensive valuation assessments based on the full-chained ES supply and de-mand are also needed for further study.Finally,research on mechanism designing for multi-objectives and long-term performance evaluation of PES programs should be enhanced in the future.