基于分子内非共价相互作用构建非富勒烯受体材料的研究进展

Recent Progress in Photovoltaic Research of Non-Fused Ring-Based Non-Fullerene Acceptor Materials with the Aid of Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions

非富勒烯稠环电子受体因具有易调控的分子结构、宽且强的光谱吸收及较高的光电转换效率吸引了科研人员的广泛的研究兴趣。非富勒烯稠环电子受体分子的中心给电子单元一般为较大的共轭稠环平面结构,这类稠环结构通常是经过多步反应得到,包括合成成本高、难度大且产率低的关环反应过程。研究人员在分子中引入带有O、F、N、Se等杂原子单元,利用分子内非共价键相互作用来锁定分子骨架得到类似稠环结构的非共价稠环电子受体材料,减少合成过程中关环反应的使用,使得合成更容易,成本更低;利用分子内的非共价相互作用可以增强分子平面性,拓展吸收光谱,降低材料的制备成本。综述了近年来利用分子内非共价键相互作用合成非富勒烯受体材料及其在有机太阳能电池中应用的研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势和应用前景。

Non-fullerene fused-ring electron acceptors for application in organic solar cells(OSCs) have attracted great research interests because of their easy structural modulation, broad and intense optical absorption and impressive power conversion efficiency(PCE). Fused-ring electron acceptors often possess a large central planar ladder-type fused-ring donor unit, which are synthesized by complicated and low-yield ring closure reactions. The multi-step synthesis of fused ring cores will inevitably increase the synthetic cost. Recently, intramolecular noncovalent interactions by introducing heteroatoms, such as O, F, N and Se into the molecular, have been utilized to lock the adjacent aromatic units to construct the planar ladder-like core by avoiding ring-closure reactions. The noncovalent interaction can enhance the molecule planarity, expand the absorption and reduce the synthesis cost. In this perspective, we review the recent development of non-fused ring electron acceptors with the aid of noncovalent interactions and discuss the effect of this interactions on molecular structure and its photovoltaic properties and look forward to its development trend and application prospect.