论曼德尔施塔姆诗歌《“别再愁眉不展”》的复活主题

The resurrection theme in Mandel’shtam’s poem Enough of Sniveling

曼德尔施塔姆是俄国白银时代阿克梅派的重要代表诗人之一,在国际文学批评领域受到了广泛关注。诗人对文化、存在、死亡的思索在诗歌《“别再愁眉不展”》(1931)中得到了集中体现。诗歌从这三个方面表现了复活主题。诗中的“魔鬼”与浮士德有关,但已附着了诗人的理解,是对阻碍力量的隐喻和促使“我”复活的外力。作为诗人喜爱的导师,维庸得到艺术化再现,是“我”复活的内在动力源泉。“我”对自我存在状态有清晰的认知,实现精神复活的同时保持克制。对死亡的觉察则凸显复活的深邃意义。

As one of the important representative poets of Acmeism in the Silver Age of Russia,Mandel’shtam has attracted wide attention in the field of international literary criticism.The poet’s meditations on culture,being,and death were epitomized in the poem Enough of sniveling(1931).From these three aspects,the poem presents the theme of resurrection.The “devil” in the poem is related to Faust.Yet,with the renewed understanding of the poet,it acts as a metaphor for the impediments as well as the external force that promotes the resurrection of “me”.As the poet’s favorite mentor,Villon has been artistically recreated and acts as the internal source of motivation for the resurrection of “me”.The “I” has a clear awareness of his or her state of being and maintains restraint while achieving spiritual revival.The profound meaning of resurrection is highlighted in the awareness of death.