黑炭在环境中的分布及其环境效应研究进展

Research progress on distribution and risk of black carbon in environments

黑炭(black carbon,BC)主要来源于化石燃料和生物质不完全燃烧.随着经济快速发展,BC广泛存在于环境中,通过各种途径进入生物体,并对其造成严重危害.本文对BC的分布和生物毒性研究进行了总结概述,以期掌握BC的环境行为和毒性,从而减少环境污染和对生物的伤害.总的来说,BC在土壤、水体和空气等多种环境介质中广泛分布,且在城市化和工业化水平较高的地区分布尤为广泛.另外,BC对生物体的毒性作用受到很多方面的影响,如BC浓度、粒径、生物体种类、土壤类型等.最后,本文从环境健康出发,对现阶段BC研究进行了展望.

Black carbon(BC) is mainly produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass.With the rapid economic development,BC widely exists in the environment which can invade the organism in a variety of ways and can cause serious risk.In this paper,the distribution and biological toxicity of BC were summarized,in order to understand the environmental behavior and toxicity of BC,thus to reduce environmental pollution and minimize the damage to the organisms.In general,BC was widely distributed in soil,water,air and other environmental media,especially in the areas with high level of urbanization and industrialization.In addition,the toxicity of BC to organisms was affected by many factors,such as BC concentration,particle size,species of organisms,soil type and so on.In the end,this paper looked forward to the current BC research from the perspective of environmental health.